DEČJE MISKONCEPCIJE O SVETLOSNIM FENOMENIMA

Uzdanica XX 2 (2023) (str. 167-179)

AUTOR(I) / AUTHOR(S): Marija T. Bošnjak Stepanović, Sanja Ž. Balać, Natalija B. Pešut

E-ADRESA / E-MAIL: sanjabalac@gmail.com

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DOI: 10.46793/Uzdanica20.2.167BS

SAŽETAK / ABSTRACT:

U okviru nastave predmeta Svet oko nas i Priroda i društvo izuča- vaju se brojni složeni i apstraktni prirodni fenomeni koje učenici često pogrešno tumače. Prvi korak u ovim nastavnim situacijama je sticanje dubljeg uvida u smisao i izvore takvih pogrešnih uverenja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se putem intervjua ispitaju miskoncepcije učenika od prvog do četvrtog razreda osnovne škole o svetlo- snim pojavama kao što su izvori i prostiranje svetlosti, priroda vida, providnost materijala, odbijanje i prelamanje svetlosti i senke. Snimljeni su i transkribovani razgovori sa 24 učenika, po šest iz svakog razreda iz tri osnovne škole u Somboru i okolini. Učenički odgovori su klasifikovani prema sličnosti i razvrstani po ka- tegorijama kao spontani, mešoviti, „ne znam” i naučni. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na prisustvo velikog broja raznovrsnih pogrešnih uverenja o ispitivanim pojmovima nezavisno od uzrasta učenika. Može se zaključiti da u okviru pretežno tradicionalno oblikovane nastavne prakse koncepti o svetlosti predstavljaju preveliki izazov za uče- nike mlađeg školskog uzrasta. Da bi se ovi i slični koncepti ispravno uveli u sistem pojmova učenika neophodni su adekvatni i efikasni nastavni pristupi koji će za po- lazište imati dečja pogrešna uverenja, čijem otkrivanju doprinosi i ovo istraživanje.

KLJUČNE REČI / KEYWORDS:

svetlosne pojave, Svet oko nas i Priroda i društvo, razvoj pojmo- va, pogrešna uverenja.

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