POREĐENJE METODA ZA DETEKCIJU KVAROVA ENERGETSKOG TRANSFORMATORA BAZIRANIH NA FREKVENCIJSKOM ODZIVU NAMOTAJA

CIGRE 35 (2021) (str. 108-120) 

AUTOR(I) / AUTHOR(S): Miloš Bjelić, Mileta Žarković, Bogdan Brković, Tatjana Miljković

E-ADRESA / E-MAIL: brkovic@etf.rs

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DOI: 10.46793/CIGRE35.0108B

SAŽETAK / ABSTRACT:

Tokom eksploatacije energetskog transformatora može doći do deformacije namotaja, kako u normalnom pogonu, tako i usled kratkih spojeva. Deformacije namotaja izazivaju slabljenje izolacije između navojaka, što može dovesti i do pojave međunavojnih kratkih spojeva. U cilju detekcije ovakvih kvarova primenjuje se metoda snimanja odziva namotaja u frekvencijskom domenu (frequency response analysis – FRA metoda). Kako bi se primenom ove metode utvrdilo prisustvo deformacija namotaja, vrše se periodična merenja i frekvencijski odzivi namotaja se iz različitih ispitivanja se međusobno porede. Na osnovu eventualnih razlika između odziva dobijenih prilikom različitih ispitivanja konstatuje se da je došlo do promene električnih parametara namotaja, što ukazuje na prisustvo kvara.

U Laboratoriji za Visoki napon i Laboratoriji za Akustiku Elektrotehničkog fakulteta u Beogradu izvršeno je poređenje rezultata FRA metode za dva različita oblika pobudnog signala – signal promenljive učestanosti (sweep) i impulsna pobuda (impulse). Kod prvog pristupa se učestanost menja u vremenu, dok su kod drugog signali na svim učestanostima prisutni istovremeno. Pored toga, kod sweep signala konstantne amplitude svi harmonici imaju jednaku amplitudu, dok kod impulsne pobude amplituda harmonika opada sa povećanjem učestanosti. Poređenjem odziva dobijenih primenom ova dva signala može se utvrditi da li se transformator prilikom FRA ispitivanja može tretirati kao linearni element, tj. da li se na ove odzive može primeniti princip superpozicije. U radu su predstavljeni i rezultati oba pristupa u slučajevima kada su delovi namotaja ispitivanog transformatora kratkospojeni. Na osnovu funkcija prenosa i različitih koeficijenata koji svojim vrednostima ukazuju na težinu kvara, izvršeno je i poređenje dva načina pobuđivanja  u pogledu osetljivosti na prisustvo međunavojnog kratkog spoja.

KLJUČNE REČI / KEYWORDS:

Detekcija kvara, Kvar namotaja, Vreme reverberacije, Obrada signala

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