International Scientific Conference Squaring the Circle : the New Global Dynamics (2026) [pp. 179-183]
AUTHOR(S) / АУТОР(И): Giorgio Cafiero 
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46793/7067.3731.179C
ABSTRACT / САЖЕТАК:
The U.S.-Israel-Iran war broke out on February 28, 2026, presenting an unprecedented crisis for Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states. Riyadh’s leadership, acutely aware of the risks posed by any conflict involving Iran, sought both to prevent war and to prepare for it too. The grave concerns voiced by Saudi officials proved valid, as the multi-theater conflict has inflicted damage on the Gulf states that likely exceeds initial predictions.