UDŽBENICI I PRIRUČNICI U FUNKCIJI PROBLEMSKE NASTAVE O PRIRODI I DRUŠTVU – PERCEPCIJA UČITELJA

Uzdanica XXII-III (2025) (str. 25-44)

AUTOR(I) / AUTHOR(S):Aleksandar N. Ignjatović  Danijela N. Vasilijević  Gordana M. Stepić

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DOI: 10.46793/Uzdanica22.3.025I

SAŽETAK / ABSTRACT:

U radu se sa teorijskog aspekta razmatra pitanje problemske nastave o prirodi i društvu. Teorijska opservacija implicirala je metodološki kontekst rada. Na slučajnom uzorku od 417 učitelja primenom deskriptivne metode ispitani su njihovi stavovi o sadržajnim resursima, potencijalnim faktorima implementacije problemske nastave prirode i društva prvog ciklusa obrazovanja. Tačnije, cilj istraživanja je ispitati kako učitelji percipiraju potencijale udžbenika i priručnika u pogledu doprinosa planiranju i realizaciji nastave o prirodi i društvu. Istražujući sadržajne potencijale udžbenika i priručnika ispitanici su procenjivali njihov doprinos: postavljanju i formulaciji problemske situacije; postavljanju hipoteza; dekompoziciji problema; rešavanju zadatka i testiranju dobijenih rešenja u novim situacijama. Značajnost dobijenih nalaza proveravani su korišćenjem ANOVA, LSD i t-testa. Po oceni učitelja, udžbenici o prirodi i društvu i metodski priručnici najveći doprinos ostvaruju u segmentu definisanja problemske situacije, a zatim i formulisanja hipoteza, dok je primena rešenja u novim situacijama na začelju liste. Dobijeni nalazi signaliziraju potencijalni problem: nedovoljnu orijentisanost aktuelnih sadržajnih resursa ka operacionalizaciji naučenog, te i primenu stečenih znanja u novim situacijama. Nezavisne varijable istraživanja delom su uticale na rezultate istraživanja. Razloge za različitu procenu pojedinih kategorija, koje čine i strukturu problemske nastave i etape rešavanja problema, moguće je tražiti u domenu kompetentnosti ispitanika, poznavanju problemske nastave kako na teorijskim, tako na empirijskim osnovama koje je u velikoj meri opredeljeno studijskim programima

KLJUČNE REČI / KEYWORDS:

stavovi nastavnika, problemska situacija, problemsko učenje, udžbenik, Svet oko nas, Priroda i društvo.

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