ЭKOLOGIČESKIE PROBLEMЫ REČNOGO BASSEЙNA AZERBAЙDŽANSKOЙ RESPUBLIKI SVЯZANNЫE S MEŽDUNARODNЫM UGOLOVNЫM PRAVOM

ZBORNIK RADOVA  Međunarodno krivično pravo sa osvrtom na zaštitu životne sredine [str. 163-172]

 

AUTHOR(S) / AUTOR(I): Gabil Surhaй oglu Gurbanov , Aйdыn Džamilь oglu Aliev 

 
Download Full Pdf   

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46793/CrLawEnvP.163G

ABSTRACT / SAŽETAK:

V statьe rassmatrivaюtsя эkologičeskie problemы krupneйših rek Azerbaйdžan – Kura i Araz. Analiziruюtsя osnovnыe istočniki antropogennogo zagrяzneniя vodnыh resursov, vklюčaя promыšlennыe i gornodobыvaющie predpriяtiя, selьskohozяйstvennыe stoki, soderžaщie udobreniя i pesticidы, a takže nedostatočno očiщennыe kommunalьno-bыtovыe vodы. Osoboe vnimanie udelяetsя transgraničnomu harakteru ukazannыh rek, čto usložnяet эkologičeskiй monitoring i upravlenie vodnыmi resursami. Otmečaetsя, čto zagrяznenie privodit k povыšeniю koncentracii tяžёlыh metallov, nefteproduktov i drugih toksičnыh veщestv, uhudšeniю kačestva vodы i degradacii vodnыh эkosistem. Dopolnitelьnыm faktorom эkologičeskogo riska rassmatrivaetsя funkcionirovanie Mecamorskaя atomnaя эlektrostanciя v basseйne reki Araz. Podčerkivaetsя neobhodimostь soveršenstvovaniя sistem эkologičeskogo monitoringa i razvitiя meždunarodnogo sotrudničestva v sfere upravleniя transgraničnыmi vodnыmi resursami.

KEYWORDS / KLJUČNE REČI: 

эkologičeskaя bezopasnostь, transgraničnыe reki, zagrяznenie vod, tяželыe metallы, selьskohozяйstvennыe stoki, Araz, Kura, Azerbaйdžan

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / PROJEKAT:

REFERENCES / LITERATURA:

  • Alimov A. F., Golubkov S. M. Эvtrofirovanie vodoёmov i ego эkologičeskie posledstviя. – SPb.: – Nauka, – 312 s.
  • Analiz toksičnыh himičeskih soedineniй v šahtnыh vodah pokazal prevыšeniя PDK po rяdu organičeskih i neorganičeskih veщestv (Smith et , – 2017).
  • Vliяnie povыšennыh koncentraciй zagrяznяющih veщestv na vodnыe эkosistemы opisano v эkologičeskih modelяh vodnыh sistem (Wetzel, – 2001).
  • Gosudarstvennый doklad o sostoяnii okružaющeй sredы v Azerbaйdžanskoй Respublike. – Baku: Ministerstvo эkologii i prirodnыh resursov Azerbaйdžanskoй Respubliki,
  • Grigorьev A. A. Gidroэkologiя i ohrana vodnыh resursov. – Moskva: Nauka, –
  • Dannыe o migracii tяžёlыh metallov iz hvostohraniliщ privodяtsя v issledovaniяh po gidrohimii zagrяzneniй (Ivanov, 2018; Li i dr., – 2020).
  • Direktiva Evropeйskogo parlamenta i Soveta 2008/99/ES ot 19 noяbrя 2008 g. ob ugolovno-pravovoй ohrane okružaющeй sredы / [Эlektronnый resurs] URL: https:// eu/wp-Content/uploads/2020/04/ Direktiva-Evropeйskogo-parlamenta-i- Soveta-200899ES
  • Izraэlь Ю. A. Эkologiя i kontrolь sostoяniя prirodnoй sredы. – M.: Gidrometeoizdat, – 560 s.
  • Kislыe drenažnыe vodы formiruюtsя vsledstvie okislitelьnыh processov pri vыvetri-vanii sulьfidnыh mineralov i okazыvaюt suщestvennoe vliяnie na rN i solevoй balans vod (Younger, Banwart & Hedin, – 2002).
  • Konvenciя po ohrane i ispolьzovaniю transgraničnыh vodotokov i meždunarodnыh ozer / [Эlektronnый resurs] URL: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/ conventions/ shtml
  • Konvenciя o prave nesudohodnыh vidov ispolьzovaniя meždunarodnыh vodotokov / [Эlektronnый resurs] URL: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/ shtml
  • Konvenciя o zaщite okružaющeй sredы posredstvom ugolovnogo zakonodatelьstva / [Эlektronnый resurs] URL: https://rm.coe.int/168007f58b
  • Koronkevič N. I., Dolgov S. V. Vliяnie selьskohozяйstvennoй deяtelьnosti na kačestvo vodnыh resursov rečnыh basseйnov // Geografiя i prirodnыe resursы. – №4. S.36-44.
  • Mamedov R.M. Эkologičeskoe sostoяnie transgraničnыh rek Юžnogo Kavkaza. – Baku: Elm, – 2016.
  • Ministerstvo эkologii i prirodnыh resursov Azerbaйdžanskoй Respubliki. Gosudarstven-nый doklad o sostoяnii okružaющeй sredы. – Baku, – 2020.
  • Meždunarodnoe ugolovnoe pravo / [Эlektronnый resurs] URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Meždunarodnoe_ ugolovnoe_pravo
  • Meždunarodnoe agentstvo po atomnoй эnergii. Safety of Nuclear Power Plants in Seismic – Vienna: IAEA, – 2018.
  • Palladin V. V., Danilov Danilьяn V. I. Эkologiя poverhnostnыh vod: Učeb. posobie. – M.: Akademkniga, – – 412 s.
  • Rustamov S. G., Kaškaй R. M. Vodnыe resursы Azerbaйdžana. – Baku: Эlm, –2019
  • Šiklomanov I. A. Vodnыe resursы i ih ispolьzovanie. – Sankt-Peterburg: Gidrome- teoizdat, – 2008.
  • Abbasov R. K., Rustamov S. G. Hydroecology of the Kura–Araz Basin. – Baku: Institute of Geography of ANAS, – 2018.
  • Aliyev E., Abduyev M. Quality trend of the Kura River in Azerbaijan by major ion concentration// Discover Water. – 2025.
  • Aliyev, E., & Abduyev, M. (2025). Quality trend of the Kura River in Azerbaijan by major ion concentration. Discover Water, 5, 82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-025-00219-9
  • Babayan H., Sakoyan A. G. Heavy metals and arsenic in drinking water and health risk assessment of the region with the developed mining industry // Hygiene and Sanitation. – 2020. Vol. 99, №7. – P. 725-732. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-7-725-732
  • Bakradze E., Shavliashvili L., Kuchava G. Study of Heavy Metal Pollution of Natural Waters of Bolnisi Municipality // Georgian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, – 2020.
  • Danilov Danilyan V.I., Losev K. S. Ecological Problems of Fresh Waters in Transboundary Basins // Water Resources. – 2019. Vol.46, No.3. P.325-336.
  • Centre for Ecological Noosphere Studies NAS RA. Environmental assessment of mining activities in the Zangezur region, Armenia. – Yerevan: NAS RA Press, – 2020.
  • Zangezur Copper Molybdenum Combine infrastructure and environmental risks. Ecolur, 2024. https://www.ecolur.org/en/news/mining/15827
  • Environmental Protection Sources and Solutions: Agriculture. – Washington, DC: EPA.
  • Gurgenidze D., Romanovski V. The Pharmaceutical Pollution of Water Resources Using the Example of the Kura River (Tbilisi, Georgia) // Water. 2023. Vol. 15(14).
  • Gigauri R., Bitchiashvili N., Kalandadze B. et al. The Contamination with Heavy Metals and the Toxicity Level of Arable Lands in the Industrial Region of Georgia Bolnisi–Kazreti // Environment and Tabagari I., Varazi T., Dumbadze N. et al. Biological Two-Stage Treatment Technology for Mitigating Mining-Related Heavy Metal Pollution in Georgian Rivers // Discover Water. 2024;
  • Gevorgyan A., Stepanyan S. Environmental Impact of Mining Industry in Armenia // Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. – 2017.
  • Gevorgyan G., Mamyan A., Boshyan T., Vardanyan T., Vaseashta A. Heavy metal contamination in an industrially affected river catchment basin: Assessment, effects, and mitigation // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. – 2021. – Vol. 18, №6. Article 2881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph18062881
  • Hasanova, G.(2024). Transboundary river contamination and ecological monitoring in the South Caucasus. Proceedings of the International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences.
  • Ivanov P. Agricultural Runoff and Nutrient Pollution // Environmental Science Journal. – 2025.
  • Karthe D., Chalov S., Borchardt D. Water pollution from mining activities in Central Asia: Sources, pathways and impacts // Environmental Pollution. – 2021. Vol. 291, 118209.
  • Li X., Zhang Z., Li Y. Industrial wastewater impacts on river ecosystems: A review // Journal of Environmental Management. – 2022. Vol.315. 115161.
  • OECD. Water Quality and Agriculture: Impacts and Policy Responses. – Paris: OECD Publishing, – 2012.
  • Rustamov, S., & Kashkay, R. (2019). Water resources of Azerbaijan and their ecological state. Baku: Elm Publishing.
  • Smith V.H., Tilman G.D., Nekola J.C. Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems // Environmental Pollution. 1999. Vol. 100. № 1–3. P. 179-196.
  • Tabagari I., Varazi T., Dumbadze N. et al. Biological Two-Stage Treatment Technology for Mitigating Mining-Related Heavy Metal Pollution in Georgian Rivers // Discover Water. – 2024.
  • UNDP. Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis for the Kura-Aras River Basin. Tbilisi: United Nations Development Programme, – 2007.
  • UNECE. Environmental Performance Reviews: Azerbaijan. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, – 2011.
  • UNECE. Second Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters. Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, – 2011.
  • UNEP. Transboundary River Basin Management in the Kura-Aras Basin. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme, – 2007.
  • UNECE. Assessment of Transboundary Rivers, Lakes and Groundwaters in the Caucasus Region. — Geneva: United Nations, – 2011.
  • UNECE. Environmental Performance Reviews: Azerbaijan. – Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, – 2011.
  • UNEP. Transboundary River Basin Management in the Kura-Aras Basin. – United Nations Environment Programme, – 2013.
  • Van Puijenbroek P. et al. Excessive nitrogen and phosphorus in European rivers: 2000–2050 // Ecological Indicators. – 2016.
  • World Reducing Transboundary Degradation in the Kura-Aras Basin. Washington, DC: World Bank, – 2014.
  • World Health Organization. Eutrophication and Health. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, –2002.
  • World Resources Eutrophication and Hypoxia: Nutrient Pollution Overview.
  • Zonn I.S., Kostianoy A.G., Kosarev A.N., Glantz M.H. The Caspian Sea Encyclopedia. Berlin – Heidelberg: Springer, – 2010.
  • Zonn I.S., Kostianoy A.G., Kosarev A.N. The Kura River Basin: Environmental Issues. – Berlin: Springer, – 2016.