AUTHOR(S) / AUTOR(I): Ana Šatrić
, Marina Hovjecki
, Mira Radovanović
, Jelena Miočinović 
Download Full Pdf 
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46793/SBT26.625S
ABSTRACT / SAŽETAK:
The effect of partially replacing sodium chloride with potassium chloride on proteolytic changes in traditionally produced Kačkavalj cheese was analysed over 6 months of ripening. Protein degradation during ripening was analysed using Urea-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. The results showed no significant differences between control and variant with 30% replaced sodium chloride with potassium chloride in electrophoretic fractions during 6 months of ripening. It can be concluded that Kačkavalj cheese with 30% sodium chloride replaced with potassium chloride is recommended for the production of this type of cheese, as it had no significant effect on the proteolysis rate.
KEYWORDS / KLJUČNE REČI:
kačkavalj, salt replacement, proteolysis, potassium chloride
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / PROJEKAT:
The research presented in this article is financially supported through agreement 451-03-137/2025-03/200116 by Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia.
REFERENCES / LITERATURA:
- Aburto, N. J., Ziolkovska, A., Hooper, L., Elliott, P., Cappuccio, F. P., Meerpohl, J. J. (2013). Effect of lower sodium intake on health: Systematic review and meta-analyses. British Medical (Association) Journal, 346(3), f1326.
- Andrews, A. T. (1983). Proteinases in normal bovine milk and their action on caseins. Journal of Dairy Research, 50, 45-55.
- Ayyash, M.M., Shah, N. P. (2011b). Proteolysis of low-moisture Mozzarella cheese as affected by substitution of NaCl with KCl. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(8), 3769–3777.
- D’Elia, L., Barba, G., Cappuccio, F., Strazzullo, P. (2011). Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 57, 1210-9.
- Fitzgerald, E., Buckley. J. (1985). Effect of total and partial sub[1]stitution of sodium chloride on the quality of Cheddar cheese. Journal of Dairy Science, 68, 3127–3134.
- Guinee, P., Pudja, P., Miocinovic, J., Wiley, J., Mullins, C. M. (2015). Textural and cooking properties and viscoelastic changes on heating and cooling of Balkan cheeses. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(11), 7573-7586.
- Hinz, K., O’Connor, P. M., O’Brien, B., Huppertz, T., Ross, R.P., Kelly, A. L. (2012). Proteomic study of proteolysis during ripening of Cheddar cheese made from milk over a lactation cycle. Journal of Dairy Research, 79, 176–184.
- Katsiari, M.C, Alichanidis, E., Voutsinas, L.P., Roussis, I. G. (2001). Proteolysis in reduced sodium Kefalograviera cheese made by partial replacement of NaCl with KCl. Food Chemistry, 73(1) 31-43.
- Kindstedt, P. S., Hillier, A. J., Mayes, J. J. (2010). Technology, Biochemistry and Functionality of Pasta Filata/Pizza Cheese. In Technology of Cheesemaking (eds B.A. Law and A.Y. Tamime), 330-359.
- Juan, B., Trujillo, A. J., Ferragut, V. (2022). The Effect of Salt Reduction and Partial Substitution of NaCl by KCl on Physicochemical, Microbiological, and Sensorial Characteristics and Consumers’ Acceptability of Semi-Hard and Hard Lactose-Free Cow’s Milk Cheeses. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 861383.
- Marino M., Maifreni M., Rondinini G. (2003). Microbiological characterization of artisanal Montasio cheese: analysis of its indigenous lactic acid bacteria. FEMS Microbiology Letters 229, 133-140.
- Miocinovic, J., Miloradovic, Z., Radovanovic, M., Sredovic Ignjatovic, I., Radulovic, A., Nastaj, M., Sołowiej, B., Tomasevic, I. (2022). Sodium reduction by partial and total replacement of NaCl with KCl in Serbian white brined cheese. Foods, 11, 374.
- Miocinovic, J., Radulovic, Z., Miloradovic, Z., Trpkovic, G., Pesic Mikulec, D., Pavlovic, V. Pudja, P. (2012). Influence of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria on the proteolysis, microstructure and sensory properties of low fat UF cheeses during ripening. Mljekarstvo, 62(2), 126-135.
- Mohan, S., Campbell, N. R. C. (2009). Salt and high blood pressure. Clinical Science, 117(1), 1–11.
- Picard, K, Barreto Silva, M.I., Mager, D., Richard, C. (2020). Dietary Potassium Intake and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Predialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review. Advances in Nutrition, 11(4), 1002-1015.
- Reddy, K. A., Marth. E.H. (1993). Proteolysis in Cheddar cheese made with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, or mixtures of sodium and potassium chloride. Food Science and Technology, 26, 434–442.
- Satric, A., Mirkovic, M., Mirkovic, N., Miloradovic, Z., Miocinovic, J. (2025). Assesment of antimicrobial, antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities of reduced sodium chloride Kačkavalj cheese. Mljekarstvo, 75(3), 133-145.
- Satric, A., Tomasevic, I., Djekic, I., Pavlovic, V., Levic, S., Miocinovic, J. (2024). Evaluation of low sodium Kačkavalj cheese properties using 3D scanning, scanning electron microscopy and computer vision system. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 77, 586-593.
- Sharma, N., Sharma, R., Rajput, Y.S., Mann, B., Singh, R., Gandhi, K. (2021). Separation methods for milk proteins on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: Critical analysis and options for better resolution. International Dairy Journal, 114, 104920.
- Sulejmani, E., Hayaloglu, A.A. (2016). Influence of curd heating on proteolysis and volatiles of Kashkaval cheese. Food Chemistry, 211, 160-70.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture (2015). 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
- Upadhyay, V., K., McSweeney, P. L. H., Magboul, A. A. A., Fox, P. F. (2006). Proteolysis in cheese in cheese during ripening. In Cheese: Chemistry, Physics and Microbiology, 391–433.
- WHO (2012). Guideline: potassium intake for adults and children.
- WHO (2016). Action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in the WHO European Region; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland.
- Yasar, K., Sahingil, D., Hayaloglu, A. A. (2025). Reducing sodium in Kashar cheese by partial substitution of NaCl with KCl: Proteolysis, texture, meltability and sensory characteristics. International Dairy Journal, 166, 106239.
