OSUĐENIK I/ILI PACIJENT – ETIČKA I ORGANIZACIONA PITANJA USLUGA ZDRAVSTVENE ZAŠTITE U ZATVORIMA

XX Majsko savetovanje (2024), Tom 1 (str. 339-356)

AUTOR(I) / AUTHOR(S): Snežana Soković

Download Full Pdf   

DOI: 10.46793/XXMajsko1.339S

SAŽETAK / ABSTRACT:

Normativno visoko razvijena standardizacija pružanja usluga zdravstvene zaštite u kazneno-poravnim zavodima ne uspeva da neutrališe izrazitu nekomplementarnost između pojma zdravlja i pojma zatvor. Zatvor sam po sebi ugrožava zdravlje zatvorenika, a iskustvo odlaska u zatvor u mnogo čemu se preklapa sa iskustvom teške (neizlečive) bolesti. Ova unutrašnja kontadikcija otvara i posebnu organizaciono-etičku dimenziju zdravstvene zaštite u zatvorima zbog koje usluge zdravstvene zaštite u zatvorima i dalje imaju jaku tendenciju da osciliraju u prostoru između kazne i medicinske nege, između kontrole i ljudskih prava, a osuđenik sa zdravstvenim problemima evidentno (još uvek) nije u istom položaju kao i svaki drugi pacijent. Razlozi bezbednosti neretko mogu biti u koliziji sa principom potpune stručne nezavisnosti medicinskog osoblja i neophodno potrebnim odnosom poverljivosti između zdravstvenog osoblja i osuđenika kome je potrebna medicinska pomoć i nega. U radu se ukazuje na kontradiktornosti i komplementarnost pozicije osuđenik-pacijent i razmatraju bitna pitanja etike zatvorske medicine, kao i organizacioni aspekt sistema zdravstvene zaštite u kaznenopopravnim zavodima.

KLJUČNE REČI / KEYWORDS:

zatvor, zdravstvena zaštita osuđenika, javno zdravlje, poverljivost, nezavisnost

LITERATURA / REFERENCES:

  • Alexandria, M., Josiah D. R., Correctional Health Is Community Health, Issues in Science and Technology; Washington, 32(1)/2015.
  • Brenner, S. W., Parameters of Cruelty – Application of Estelle v Gamble to Sentences Imposed Upon the Physically Fragile Offender, American Journal of Criminal Law, 12(3)/1984.
  • Grounds, A., The future of prison health care, The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 11(2)/2000.
  • Van Hout, M. C. at alt., State of transition to Ministry of Health governance of prison healthcare in the Council of Europe region, Public Health, Vol. 229, 2024.
  • Voughn,M. S., Smith, L. G., Penal Harm Medicine in the United States: Prisoners’ Voices from Jail, Justice Quarterly, No. 16/1997.
  • Gatherer, A., Atabay, T., Hariga, F., Prisoners with special needs, Prisons and Health, Ed.: Enggist, S., Møller, L., Galea, G. Udesen, C. World Health Organization, 2014.
  • Davis, R., UK prison doctors warn that prison health care is falling apart, The Lancet, 357(9264)/2001.
  • De Viggiani, N., Unhealthy prisons: exploring structural determinants of prison health. Sociology of Health & Illness, No. 29/2007.
  • Durcan, G., Zwemstra, J. C.. Mental health in prison, Prisons and Health, eds: Enggist, S. at al. WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2014.
  • European Convention on Human Rights. https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf pristup mart 2024.
  • European Court of Human Rights, Thematic Report – Health-related issues in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, 2015. http://www.antoniocasella.eu/salute/ECHR_health_2015.pdf, pristup: mart. 2024.
  • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Prisons and drugs in Europe: The problem an Prisons, drugs and society. Consensus statement on principles, policies and practices. Copenhagen, 2012.
  • Involuntary placement in psychiatric establishments Extract from the 8th General Report of the CPT, (CPT/Inf(98)12-part);
  • Istanbul Protocol, Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, UN, New York and Geneva, 2004.
  • Keppler, K., Stöver, H., Schulte, B., Reimer, J., Prison Health is Public Health! Angleichungs- und Umsetzungsprobleme in der gesundheitlichen Versorgung Gefangener im deutschen Justizvollzug Ein Ubersichtsbeitrag, Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz, .53(2)/2010.
  • Lehtmets, A., Pont, J., Prison health care and medical ethics, A manual for health-care workers and otherprison staf with responsibility for prisoners well-being, Council of Europe, 2014.
  • Livingston, S., Owen, T., Prison Law, Text&Materials, Oxford, 1995.
  • McGrowen, R., The Well-Orderd prison, The Oxford History of the Prison,The Practice of Punishment in Western Society, Edited by Norval Morris and David J. Rothman, Oxford, 1995.
  • Means of restraint in psychiatric establishments for adults (Revised CPT standards) CPT/Inf(2017)6.
  • Organizational models of prison health. Considerations for better governance. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2020.
  • Principles of medical ethics relevant to the role of health personnel, particularly physicians, in the protection of prisoners and detainees against torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. New York, NY, United Nations, 1982.
  • Prison Health and Public Health: The integration of Prison Health Services, Report from a conference organised by the Department of Health and the International Centre for Prison Studies, London, 2004.
  • Pont, J., Stöver, H., Wolff, H., Dual loyalty in prison health care. Am J Public Health, 102(3)/2012.
  • Recommendation R(93)6 of the Committee of Ministers to member States concerning Prison and Criminological Aspects of the Control of Transmissible Diseases including AIDS and Related Health Problems inPrison. https://rm.coe.int/16804d7777, pristup mart 2024.
  • Restellini, J. P., Restellini, R., Prison-specific ethical and clinical problems, Prisons and Health, Ed.: Enggist, S., Møller, L., Galea, G. Udesen, C. World Health Organization, 2014.
  • Recommendation CM/Rec(2012)5 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the European Code of Ethics for Prison Staff.
  • Recommendation Rec(98)7 concerning the ethical and organisational aspects of health care in prison.
  • Robinson, G., Risk Mangment and Rehabilitation in the Probation Service: Collision and Collusion; The Howard Journal, Vol. 38, No. 4/1999.
  • Shichor, D., Threee strikes as a Public Policy: The Convergence of the New Penology and the McDonaldization of Punishment, Crime&Delinquency, No. 43/1997.
  • Soković, S., EU standardi zdravstvene zaštite u zatvorima, Zbornik radova: Usklađivanje pravnog sistema Srbije sa standardima Evropske unije, knj. 11, Kragujevac, 2023.
  • Soković, S., Zatvori i kazneni populizam, Pravni život: list za pravna pitanja i praksu, knj. 555, br. 9/2012.
  • Soković, S., Nova penologija – karakteristike i perspektive, Pravni život: list za pravna pitanja i praksu, knj. 547, br. 9/2011.
  • The European Court of Human Rights: Case of Wenner v. Germany, (no. 62303/13, 1. September 2016, § 66).
  • The European Court of Human Rights: Case of Cudla v. Poland, (no. 30210/96, 26 October 2001).
  • Ugelvik,T., Boyle, R.E., Jewkes, Y., Nyvoll, P.S., Disrupting ‘healthy prisons’: Exploring the conceptual and experiential overlap between illness and imprisonment. The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice, No. 62/2023.
  • United Nations: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
    http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CESCR.aspx; pristup: mart, 2024.
  • United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules), General Assembly resolution 70/175, annex, 17 December 2015.
  • Herbert, K. et al., Prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in prison populations worldwide: a systematic review. The Lancet, 379(9830)/2012.
  • Homel R, Thomson C., Causes and prevention of violence in prisons. In: O’Toole S, Eyland S, eds. Corrections criminology, Sydney, 2005.
  • Coyle, A., Standards in prison health: the prisoner as a patient, Prisons and Health, Ed.: Enggist, S., Møller, L., Galea, G. Udesen, C. World Health Organization, 2014.
  • CPT standards (1993) Substantive sections of the CPT’s General Reports, Extract from the 3rd General Report. http://hudoc.cpt.coe.int/eng?i=p-standards-inf-1993-12-part-en-1, pristup, mart, 2024.
  • CoE/WHO, Strasbourg Conclusions on Prisons and Health, 2014.
  • Winkelman, Tyler, N. A. et al.,Universal health coverage and incarceration, The Lancet Public Health, 7(6)/2022.
  • Webster, P.C., Integrating prison health care into public health care: the global view. CMAJ, 185(7)/2013.
  • Wolff N, Shi J., Patterns of victimization and feelings of safety inside prison: the experience of male and female inmates. Crime & Delinquency, No. 57/2011.
  • World Health Organization. Organizational models of prison health: considerations for better governance. No. WHO/EURO: 2020-1268-41018-55685. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe, 2020.
  • WHO Moscow Declaration on Prison Health as Part of Public Health.
    http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-determinants/prisons-and-health/publications/pre-2005/moscow-declaration-on-prison-health-as-part-of-public-health, pristup mart 2024;