Pravna regulativa usluga u nacionalnim zakonodavstvima i pravu Evropske Unije (2023) (str. 647-668)
AUTOR(I) / AUTHOR(S): Ana Čović
DOI: 10.46793/XIXMajsko.647C
SAŽETAK / ABSTRACT:
Surogat majka je osoba ženskog pola koja pomaže parovima i pojedincima da se ostvare kao roditelji tako što će umesto žene izneti trudnoću, u situacijama kada se žena koja želi da ima dete suočava sa određenim ginekološkim problemima ili postoje drugi medicinski razlozi zbog kojih ne može da se realizuje trudnoća i rodi dete. Najčešća indikacija za surogat materinstvo je nedostatak materice, koji može biti urođen ili stečen nakon operativnog zahvata, uz prisustvo jednog ili oba jajnika. Druge medicinske indikacije su različita teška oboljenja usled čega bi život žene bio ugrožen u situaciji realizacije trudnoće. Surogat majčinstvo prate ne samo pravne, već i brojne etičke i moralne dileme, a u Evropi je dozvoljeno u samo nekoliko država. Vlade većine zemalja glasaju za potpunu zabranu svih aranžmana surogat majčinstva, a u nekim jurisdikcijama postoje građanske i krivične sankcije za osobe koje se ipak odluče da uđu u takve aranžmane, jer je u ovim državama surogat majčinstva zabranjeno, bez obzira da li je zasnovano na altruističkoj ili komercijalnoj svrsi. U drugim zemljama surogat majčinstvo je dozvoljeno, ali samo ako je zasnovano isključivo na altruističkoj svrsi, čime se zabranjuje komercijalno surogat majčinstvo.
Autorka u radu daje pregled trenutnog stanja pravne regulative u ovoj oblasti u pojedinim evropskim državama, sa osvrtom na predložene novine koje predviđa prednacrt dugo najavljivanog, i još uvek neusvojenog Građanskog zakonika Republike Srbije, a koje se tiču uvođenja surogat majčinstva u naše pravo. Nakon 17 godina rada na ovom zakoniku, jedno od pitanja u vezi kojeg je bilo najteže postići konsenzus, osim eutanazije i istopolnih brakova, jeste surogat majčinstvo.
KLJUČNE REČI / KEYWORDS:
surogat majčinstvo, porodično pravo, ljudska prava, bioetika, prava deteta.
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