ULOGA NAČELA RAZMJERNOSTI U OGRANIČAVANJU TEMELJNIH GOSPODARSKIH SLOBODA UNUTARNJEG TRŽIŠTA EUROPSKE UNIJE

Savremeni pravni promet i usluge (2018) str. 65-98

AUTOR(I): Aleksandra Popovski

Download FullPdf 

DOI: 10.46793/XIVMajsko.065P

SAŽETAK:

Opća načela prava Europske unije pravni su izvor čija se važnost progresivno povećava kroz cjelokupno razdoblje postojanja ove europske integracije, u čemu ključnu ulogu igra Sud Europske unije. U određenim slučajevima Sud koristi koncept poopćenih nekodificiranih pravila za postizanje dojma neutralnosti i objektivnosti svojih odluka ne bi li time prikrio očitost sudskog stvaranja prava i relativizacije granica nadležnosti Unije. Sudski aktivizam posebno je razvidan u predmetima koji problematiziraju načelo razmjernosti prilikom modificiranja dosega pojedinih gospodarskih sloboda u kontekstu suprotstavljenih državnih interesa. Slijedom navedenoga, u radu se ponajprije razmatraju opća pitanja utjecaja europskog prava na nacionalno pravo, s posebnim naglaskom na modifikacije upravnopravnih sustava država članica. Zatim se utvrđuje sadržaj načela razmjernosti te se istražuje problematika primjene testa razmjernosti u predmetima koji ulaze u domenu upravnoga prava Europske unije. Nadalje se proučavaju učinci interakcije pojedinih gospodarskih sloboda i suprotstavljenih državnih interesa u kontekstu unutarnjeg tržišta te se identificiraju i kritički analiziraju tendencije u primjeni načela razmjernosti. Konačno, raščlanjuju se i prosuđuju osnovni modusi utjecaja navedenih procesa na oblikovanje nacionalnih pravnih regulativa.

KLJUČNE REČI: 

načelo razmjernosti, unutarnje tržište, temeljne gospodarske slobode, Sud Europske unije.

LITERATURA:

  • Bačić, A., O sudskom aktivizmu ili političkoj ulozi sudova, Politička misao, vol. 35, br. 2/1998.
  • Bačić, P., Sarić, I., Aktivizam Europskog suda kroz presude o slobodi kretanja radnika, Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, vol. 51, br.1/2014.
  • Bodiroga-Vukobrat, N., Horak, H., Martinović, A., Temeljne gospodarske slobode u Europskoj uniji, Zagreb, 2011.
  • Craig, P., EU Administrative Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2006.
  • Đerđa, D., Načelo razmjernosti u donošenju upravnih odluka, Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Rijeci, vol. 37, br. 1/2016.
  • Đerđa, D., Osnove upravnog prava Europske unije, Rijeka, 2012.
  • Đerđa, D., Učinak europskih pravnih pravila na pravno normiranje upravnog postupka u Hrvatskoj, Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, vol. 50, br. 2/2013.
  • Đerđa, D., Popovski, A., Utjecaj sudske prakse Suda Europske unije na hrvatsko upravno pravo, Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Rijeci, vol. 35, br. 1/2014.
  • Harbo, T., The Function of the Proportionality Principle in the EU Law, European Law Journal, vol. 16, br. 2/2010.
  • Hartley, T. C., Temelji prava Europske zajednice, Rijeka, 2004.
  • Herdegen, M., Europarecht, Berlin, Beck, 2017.
  • Josipović, T., Načela Europskog prava u presudama Suda Europske zajednice, Zagreb, 2005.
  • Kiefel, S., Markets, Protectionism and Proportionality – Australian and European Perspectives, Paper delivered as The Seventeenth Lucinda Lecture at Monash University on 19. November 2009.
  • Kumm, M., Constitutionalising Subsidiarity in Integrated Markets: The Case of Tobacco Regulation in the European Union, European Law Journal, vol. 12, br. 4(2006).
  • Negrut, V., The Lisbon Treaty and the New Dimensions of the Principles of Proportionality and Subsidiarity, Acta Universitatis Danubis, vol. 2010, br. 3/2010.
  • Novak, S., Dopustiva ograničenja slobode kretanja radnika u interpretaciji Suda Europske unije, Zagrebačka pravna revija, vol. 2, br. 2/2013.
  • Panomariovas, A., Losis, E., Proportionality: from the concept to the procedure, Jurisprudence, vol. 120, br. 2/2010.
  • Schwarze, J., Enlargement, the European Constitution, and Administrative Law, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, vol. 53, br. 4/2004.
  • Schwarze, J., European Administrative Law, Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1992.
  • Simonati, A., The Principles of Administrative Procedure and the EU Courts: an Evolution in Progress?, Review of European Administrative Law, vol. 4, br. 1/2011.
  • Sindbjerg Martinsen, D., Judicial Policy-making and Europeanization: the Proportionality of National Control and Administrative Discretion, Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 18, br. 7/2011.
  • Weatherill, S., The Limits of Legislative Harmonization Ten Years after Tobacco Advertising: How the Court’s Case Law has become a “Drafting Guide”, German Law Journal, vol. 22, br. 3/2011.
Pravni izvori:
– normativni akti
  • Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Official Journal, C 326, 26.10.2012, p. 391–407.
  • Commission Regulation (EC) No 530/2008 of 12 June 2008 establishing emergency measures as regards purse seiners fishing for bluefin tuna in the Atlantic Ocean, east of longitude 45 °W, and in the Mediterranean Sea, Official Journal, L 155, 13.06.2008, p. 9–10.
  • Council Regulation (EC) No 2371/2002 of 20 December 2002 on the conservation and sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources under the Common Fisheries Policy, Official Journal, L 358, 31.12.2002, p. 59.
  • Directive 2002/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 setting standards of quality and safety for the collection, testing, processing, storage and distribution of human blood and blood components and amending Directive 2001/83/EC, Official journal, L 33, 08.02.2003, p. 30–40.
  • Directive 2004/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on the coordination of procedures for the award of public works contracts, public supply contracts and public service contracts, Official Journal, L 134, 30.04.2004., p. 114–240.
  • European ombudsman, The European Code of Good Administrative Behavior, European Communities, Luxembourg, 2005.
  • Protocol No 2 on the application of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality, Official Journal, C 115, 9.5.2008.
  • Treaty on European union (Consolidated version), Official Journal, C 202, 7.6.2016.
  • Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (Consolidated version), Official Journal, C 202, 7.6.2016.
– popis analiziranih presuda:
  • Predmet  C-26/62 NV Algemene Transport-en Expeditie Onderneming van Gend & Loos v. Administration fiscale néerlandaise, 1963, European Court Reports-00003.
  • Predmet  C-361/98 Italy v. Commission, 2001, European Court Reports I-385.
  • Predmet C-106/77 Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v. Simmenthal SpA.,1978., European Court Reports-00629.
  • Predmet C-11/70 Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH v. Einfuhr-und Vorratsstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel, 1970, European Court reports-01125.
  • Predmet C-110/97 Netherlands v. Council, 2001, European Court Reports  I-8763.
  • Predmet C-114/76 Bela Mühle v. Grows Farm, 1977, European Court Reports-1211.
  • Predmet C-135/08 Janko Rottman v. Freistaat Bayern, 2010, European Court Reports I-1449.
  • Predmet C-137/09 Marc Michel Josemans v. Burgemeester van Maastricht, 2010, European Court Reports I-13019.
  • Predmet C-150/11 European Commission v. Kingdom of Belgium.
  • Predmet C-161/09 Kakavetsos-Fragkopoulos AE Epexergasias kai Emporias Stafidas v. Nomarchiaki Aftodioikisi Korinthias, 2011, European Court Reports I-915.
  • Predmet t C-173/09 Georgi Ivanov Elchinov v Natsionalna zdravnoosiguritelna kasa, 2010, European Court Reports I-8889.
  • Predmet C-176/11 HIT hoteli, igralnice, turizem dd Nova Gorica, HIT LARIX, prirejanje posebnih iger na srečo in turizem d.d. v. Bundesminister für Finanzen.
  • Predmet C-181/84 Man Sugar, 1985, European Court Reports-2889.
  • Predmet C-20/12 Elodie Giersch, Benjamin Marco Stemper, Julien Taminiaux, Xavier Renaud Hodin, Joëlle Hodin v. Luxembourg.
  • Predmet C-221/09 AJD Tuna Ltd v Direttur tal-Agrikoltura u s-Sajd and Avukat Generali, 2011, European Court Reports  I-1655.
  • Predmet C-28/09 European Commission v. Republic of Austria.
  • Predmet C-280/93 Germany v. Council, 1994., European Court Reports I-4973.
  • Predmet C-358/12 Consorzio Stabile Libor Lavori Pubblici v. Comune di Milano.
  • Predmet C-364/10 Hungary v. Slovak Republic.
  • Predmet C-367/11 Déborah Prete v. Office national de l’emploi.
  • Predmet C-379/11 Caves Krier Frères Sàrl v. Directeur de l’Administration de l’emploi.
  • Predmet C-421/09 Humanplasma GmbH v Republik Österreich, 2010, European Court Reports I-12869.
  • Predmet C-478/98 Commission v. Belgium, 2000, European Court Reports II-7587.
  • Predmet C-539/11 Ottica New Line di Accardi Vincenzo v. Comune Campobello di Mazara.
  • Predmet C-6/64 Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L., 1964, European Court Reports 00585.
  • Predmet C-61/12 European Commission v. Lithuania.
  • Predmet C-8/55 Federation Charbonniere de Belgique v. High Autority, 1956, European Court Reports-291.
  • Predmet T-123/99 JT’s Corporation v . Commission, 2000, European Court Reports II-3269.
  • Predmet T-87/98 International Potash Company v. Council, 2000, European Court Reports II-3179.
  • Pridruženi predmeti Markus Stoß (C-316/07), Avalon Service-Online-Dienste GmbH (C-409/07) and Olaf Amadeus Wilhelm Happel (C-410/07) v. Wetteraukreis and Kulpa Automatenservice Asperg GmbH (C-358/07), SOBO Sport & Entertainment GmbH (C-359/07) and Andreas Kunert (C-360/07) v. Land Baden-Württemberg, 2010, European Court Reports I-8069.
  • Pridruženi predmeti Vassiliki Stylianou Vandorou (C-422/09), Vassilios Alexandrou Giankoulis (C-425/09) and Ioannis Georgiou Askoxilakis (C-426/09) v. Ypourgos Ethnikis Paideias kai Thriskevmaton, 2010, European Court Reports I-12411.