10th International Congress of the Serbian Society of Mechanics (18-20. 06. 2025, Niš) [pp. 142-150]
AUTHOR(S) / АУТОР(И): Sreten Mastilovic 
Download Full Pdf 
DOI: 10.46793/ICSSM25.142M
ABSTRACT / САЖЕТАК:
A simple, approximate model aimed at estimating the penetration depth of slender rigid projectiles into massive targets made of quasibrittle solids is proposed in the companion article [1]. The key ingredient for that novel analytical approach—namely, the functional dependence of the radial traction at the cavity surface on the radial velocity of the cavity expansion—is provided by postprocessing of results of particle dynamics simulations. In this article, this model is validated using experimental results on the depth of penetration of long (virtually rigid) projectiles into Salem limestone targets. Salem limestone is a typical example of quasibrittle materials with random, discontinuous and heterogeneous micro/meso structure, inherently predisposed to microcracking, which is attributed to their inferior tensile strength. Such materials are known for their pronounced scatter of experimental data. This inherent stochasticity is explored in this paper through a comparative analysis of key model input parameters; primarily, the indirect (uniaxial) tensile strength and the coefficient of friction.
KEYWORDS / КЉУЧНЕ РЕЧИ:
penetration depth, quasibrittle, stochasticity, parameter sensitivity, Salem limestone
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / ПРОЈЕКАТ:
REFERENCES / ЛИТЕРАТУРА:
- Mastilovic S., An Estimate of Penetration Depth of Rigid Rods Through Materials Susceptible to Microcracking: Part 1 – Theory, Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of the Serbian Society of Mechanics, Nis, Serbia, 2025.
- Mastilovic S., Krajcinovic D., Penetration of Rigid Projectiles Through Quasi-Brittle Materials, Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 66, 585-592, 1999.
- Mayers, A., Dynamic Behavior of Materials, John Wiley, New York, 1994.
- Zhang Y., Chen W., Cheng S., Zou H., Guo Z., Penetration of rigid projectiles into concrete based on improved cavity expansion model, Structural Concrete, Vol. 18, 974-985, 2017.
- Johnsen J., Holmen J.K., Warren T.L., Børvik T, Cylindrical cavity expansion approximations using different constitutive models for the target material, International Journal of Protective Structures, Vol. 9, 199-225, 2018.
- Bishop F., Hill R., Mott N.F., The theory of indentation and hardness tests, Proceedings of Physical Society, Vol. 57, 147–159, 1945.
- Ölçmen S.M., Jones S.E., Weiner R.H., A numerical analysis of projectile nose geometry including sliding friction for penetration into geological targets, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, Vol. 232, 284-304, 2018.
- Oberhettinger F., Hypergeometric Functions. Ch. 15 (pp. 555-566) in Handbook of Math. Functions, Abramowitz M. and Stegun I.A. (Eds.), 9th printing, New York, Dover, 1972.
- Frew J., Forrestal M.J., Hanchak S.J., Green M.L., Penetration into Limestone Targets with Ogive-Nose Projectiles, Proceedings of 14th Army Symposium on Solid Mechanics, Myrtle Beach, Battelle Press, SAND96-2494C, 1997.
- Green L., Laboratory Test on Salem Limestone, Waterways Experiment Station, Viksburg, MS, USA, 1992.
- Forrestal M.J., Grady D.E., Penetration for Normal Impact into Geological Targets, International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 18, 229-234, 1982.
- Forrestal M.J., Okajima K., Luk V.K., Penetration of 6061-T651 Aluminum Targets With Rigid Long Rods, Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 55, 755-760, 1988.
- Jiang N. Wu S.Hu Y.,Mu Z., Wu X.,Zhang W., Investigations into the Role of Friction for Rigid Penetration into Concrete-Like Material Targets, Materials 2020, 13, 4733.
- Chen, X.W., Li, Q.M., Deep penetration of a non-deformable projectile with different geometrical characteristics, International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 27, 619–637,
- Forrestal M.J., Longcope D.B., Target strength of ceramic materials for high-velocity penetration, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 67, 3669-3672, 1990.
- Mastilovic S. A PD simulation-informed prediction of penetration depth of rigid rods through materials susceptible to microcracking, Meccanica, Vol. 57, 3051–3069, 2022.
- Feldgun V.R., Yankelevsky D.Z., Quasi-static spherical/cylindrical cavity expansion in a medium with an arbitrary equation of state and a shear strength plasticity envelope, International Journal of Solids and Structures Vol. 191–192, 146–156, 2020.