XXVI MEĐUNARODNI SIMPOZIJUM IZ OBLASTI CELULOZE, PAPIRA, AMBALAŽE I GRAFIKE – CPAG (2026) [pp. 51-57]
AUTHOR(S) / АУТОР(И): Igor Karlovits 
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46793/CPAG26.051K
ABSTRACT / САЖЕТАК:
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has become the dominant policy instrument for packaging waste management in the EU and is rapidly emerging at US state level and in other parts of the world. Recent legislation-most notably the EU Waste Framework Directive, the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive requires EPR schemes to apply eco-modulated fees that reward recyclable packaging and penalise designs that hinder circularity. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policy is undergoing a structural paradigm shift from volume-based fee recovery to highly punitive, eco-modulated regulatory frameworks. For global consumer packaged goods (CPG) brands and paper conversion companies, packaging design decisions now directly impact operational margins via localized compliance tariffs. This paper provides a rigorous comparative analysis of upcoming and existing paper-packaging EPR regimes across the European Union (PPWR) and some specific cases such as Denmark, Germany and France, the United States (state-led initiatives), and the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region. The paper also models the mathematical foundations of the financial bonus-malus mechanism, provides concrete per-ton pricing matrices, and delivers an actionable engineering blueprint for minimal EPR fee structures for paper-based packaging. The simulated results show the conscious eco-modulated approach can lead to significant savings in EPR fees with bonus packaging system design choices.
KEYWORDS / КЉУЧНЕ РЕЧИ:
Extended Producer Responsibility, eco modulation, paper packaging
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / ПРОЈЕКАТ:
REFERENCES / ЛИТЕРАТУРА:
- Ahlers, J., Hemkhaus, M., Hibler, S., & Hannak, J. (2021). Analysis of Extended Producer Responsibility Schemes. Adelphi Consult
- Karlovits I., (2025) Extended producer responsibility for packaging– industry perspective from a global company, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Circular Packaging, Ljubljana Slovenia, doi: 5281/zenodo.17295166
- European Union (2024) Regulation (EU) 2024/3857 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Packaging and Packaging Waste (PPWR), amending Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 and Directive (EU) 2019/904, and repealing Directive 94/62/EC. Brussels: Official Journal of the European
- Germany (2019) Verpackungsgesetz (VerpackG): Gesetz über das Inverkehrbringen, die Rücknahme und die hochwertige Verwertung von Berlin: Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und nukleare Sicherheit.
- France (2020) Code de l’environnement – Article L541-10 and L541-10-1, as amended by Loi n° 2020-105 relative à la lutte contre le gaspillage et à l’économie circulaire (AGEC). Paris: République Française.
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