PROJEKTNA NASTAVA U PRAKSI OSNOVNIH ŠKOLA – ANALIZA SADRŽAJA ŠKOLSKIH PROJEKATA

Uzdanica XXII-II (2025) (str. 145-163)

AUTOR(I) / AUTHOR(S): Dušan P. Ristanović ,

Predrag Ž. Živković  ,  Biljana J. Stojanović

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DOI: 10.46793/Uzdanica22.2.145R

SAŽETAK / ABSTRACT:

Suština i struktura projektne nastave se mogu predstaviti kroz nekoliko ključnih karakteristika, od kojih autori najčešće izdvajaju sidro, vodeće pitanje, ciljeve i ishode projekta, interdisciplinarnost, istraživanje, saradnju, primenu tehnologije i artefakte. Kako navedene karakteristike impliciraju zahtevniju organizaciju i realizaciju nastavnog procesa u odnosu na uobičajene načine rada, nastavnici se mogu suočiti sa različitim izazovima u njihovoj primeni. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio da se analiziraju sadržaji osnovnoškolskih projekata da bi se uvidelo kako se ključne karakteristike projektne nastave primenjuju u praksi. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u školskoj 2023/24. godini, korišćena je tehnika analize sadržaja, a uzorak su činili projekti iz petnaest osnovnih škola iz Srbije. Tema svih projekata se odnosila na problematiku očuvanja i zaštite životne sredine u lokalnoj zajednici. Analiza je pokazala da se ključne karakteristike projektne nastave ne primenjuju u dovoljnoj meri u praksi. Na primer, u većini projekata nije bilo sidra, niti se moglo identifikovati vodeće pitanje. Interdisciplinarnost projekata je bila diskutabilna, a učenici nisu usmeravani da formulišu sopstvene pretpostavke, sprovode različite vrste istraživanja koja bi te pretpostavke dokazala ili odbacila i izvode relevantne zaključke. Slična situacija se javljala i kada je u pitanju saradnja, primena tehnologija i izrada artefakata. Zaključeno je da dobijeni rezultati mogu da posluže nastavnicima kao podstrek za poboljšanje prakse, a istraživačima za sprovođenje drugih istraživanja o različitim aspektima implementacije ključnih karakteristika projektne nastave u školama.

KLJUČNE REČI / KEYWORDS:

projektna nastava, ključne karakteristike, osnovna škola, školska praksa, analiza sadržaja.

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