XXI Majsko savetovanje (2025) SAVREMENO PRAVO U ERI DIGITALIZACIJE I ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJA (251-269 str.)
AUTOR(I) / AUTHOR(S): Rajko Raonić 
DOI: 10.46793/XXIMajsko.251R
SAŽETAK / ABSTRACT:
Danas osnovno ljudsko pravo shodno međunarodnoj i nacionalnoj regulativi, pravo na sindikalno organizovanje je uzdrmano i njegovo narušavanje je itekako vidljivo i sveprisutno, kako u radnopravnoj (stručnoj) javnosti tako i laičkoj. Kao uzročnici ove pojave mnogi pravni teoretičari pored prirodne (društvene) erozije, vide u pojavi digitalizacije rada i sveprisutnije vještačke inteligencije u radnim odnosima, a u konačnici i na radnim mjestima. Izazovi pred kojima se nalazi sindikalno organizovanje svakako su višestrani i od jačine i „kolektivnog sabiranja“ zaposlenih (radnika) ovisiće i odgovor, da li ovo pravo zavrijeđuje pažnju i samim tim uvrštavanje u spektar osnovnih ljudskih prava. Po riječima profesora Zorana Stojiljkovića „u svetu u kome je promena jedina izvesnost, moraju se radikalno mijenjati i transformisati i sindikati, ne samo tematski okvir i programski prioriteti, nego i njihov bazični identitet, strategija, oblici, organizovanja i djelovanja.“2 Sindikat kao jedini validni reprezent sindikalnog organizovanja, svoju unutrašnju politiku djelovanja mora mijenjati i prilagođavati današnjim radnim „promjenama“.
Autor u radu nastoji da prikaže uticaj digitalizacije rada na sindikalno organizovanje i samim tim nastoji dati između ostalog i neke pravce mogućeg i potencijalnog djelovanja sindikalne scene ka procesu oporavka i regeneracije kao i mapirati ovo pravo u odnosu na svrsishodnost u hijerarhiji osnovnih ljudskih (sloboda) prava.
KLJUČNE REČI / KEYWORDS:
sindikat, sindikalno organizovanje, digitalizacija, osnovno ljudsko pravo.
LITERATURA / REFERENCES:
- Aggarwal, V., Karwasra, N., Artifcial intelligence v/s human intelligence: a relationship between digitalization and international trade, Future Business Journal, 2025.
- Beširević, V. et al, Komentar konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i osnovnih sloboda, Beograd, 2017.
- Brković, R., Urdarević, B., Radno pravo sa elemntima socijalnog prava, Beograd, 2023.
- Bernaciak, M., Trif A., Multiple strategies but small gains:Trade union revitalizion and power resources in Central Eastern Europe after 2008, European Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 29, Issue 1, 2023.
- Viser J., Sindikati na prekretnici, MOR, 2019.
- Voss, E., Bertossa, D., Collective Bargaining and Digitalization: A Global Survey of Union Use of Collective Bargaining to Increase Worker Control over Digitalization, New England Journal of Public Policy, Vol. 34: Iss. 1, Article 10, 2022.
- Vallas, S. P., Platform Capitalism: What’s at Stake for Workers?, in New Labor Forum, 28, 1, 2019.
- Gasparri, S., Tassinari, A., ‘Smart’ Industrial Relations in the Making? Insights from Analysis of Union Responses to Digitalization in Italy, Industrial relations, 75-4/2020.
- Garbuio, C., Digitalization, Labour Market and Collective Bargaining, Italian Labour Law e- Journal Issue 2, Vol. 16, 2023.
- Geelan, T., Hodder, A., Enhancing transnational labor solidarity: The unfulfilled promise of the Internet and social media. Industrial Relations Journal, 2017.
- Graham, M., Isis, H., Lehdonvirta, V., Digital labour and development: impacts of global digital labour platforms and the gig economy on worker livelihoods, Transfer, 2017.
- Garneau, E. M., J., Lauzon, P. S., Levesque, C., Digitalisation of work in aerospace manufacturing: expanding union frames and repertoires of action in Belgium, Canada and Denmark, Transfer, Vol. 29(1)/2023.
- De Stefano, V., Doellagast, V., Introduction to the Transfer special issue. Regulating AI at work: labour relations, automation, and algorithmic management, Transfer Vol. 29,1/2023. Dagnino, E., Working Anytime, Anywhere’ and Working Time Provisions. Insights from the
- Italian Regulation of Smart Working and the Right to Disconnect, E-Journal of International and Comparative, 2020.
- Doellgast, V., Wagner, I., Collective regulation and the future of work in the digital economy: Insights from comparative employment relations, Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 64, Issue 3, 2022.
- Degryse, C., Digitalisation of the economy and its impact on labour markets, ETUI aisbl, Brussels, 2016.
- Ebbinghaus, B., The role of trade unions in European pension reforms: from ‘old’ to ‘new’ politics? Eur. J. Ind. Relat. 17 (4)/2011.
- Ebbinghaus, B.; Visser, J. ‘When institutions matter: Union growth and decline in Western Europe, 1950–1995’, European Sociological Review, 15 (2)/1999.
- Eitel-Porter, R., Beyond the promise: implementing ethical AI, AI and Ethics, 2021.
- Ibsen, L, C., Mapia, M., Trade union revitalisation: where are we now? Where to next? J. Ind. Relat. 59 (2)/2017.
- Jašarević, S., Uticaj digitalizacije na radne odnose, Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Novom Sadu, vol. 50, br. 4/2016.
- Jašarević, S., Božičić, D., Radno pravo pred izazovima digitalne ekonomije, Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Novom Sadu, br. 4/2021.
- Joyce, S., Stuart, M., Ford,e C., Valizade, D., Work and social protection in the platform economy in Europ, Advances in Industrial and Labor Relations, 25/2018.
- Jolly, C., Collective action and bargaining in the digital era. u: Neufeind, M. et al. Work in the Digital Age, Foundation for European Progressive Studies and European Parliament; 2018.
- Jain, A., Impact of digitalization and artificial intelligence as causes and enablers of organizational change, Report prepared for the Federation of International Civil Servants’ Associations, 2021.
- Jansson, J., Uba, K., Trade Unions on YouTube: Online Revitalization in Sweden, Cham: Palgrave Pivot, 2019.
- Kall, K., From a handful of activists towards an organising subculture: institutionalisation of transnational union organising in Central and Eastern Europe, Transfer, Vol. 30(1) 8/2024.
- Keizer, A. et. al, Unions and precarious work: How power resources shape diverse strategies and outcomes, European Journal of Industrial Relations,Vol. 30, Issue 4, 2024.
- Klindt, P. M., Trade union renewal through local partnerships for skill formation, Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 23 (4)/2017.
- Kovačević, A., Uloga sindikata u procesu digitalizacije rada u Srbiji – Doktorska disertacija, Fakultet Političkih nauka Univerziteta u Beogradu, 2023.
- Kovačević, A., Pandemija korona virusa – šansa za uspješnu digitalizaciju rada ili dodatno unižavanje prava radnika, Zbornik radova: Političke posledice pandemije, Beograd, 2021.
- Kovačević, A., Ka dostojanstvenom digitalnom radu – Položaj radnika na digitalnim platformama, Godišnjak Fakulteta političkih nauka, Beograd, 2019. Kovačević, LJ., Globalni problemi i izazovi savremnog radnog prava, 2024. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ljubinka-Kovacevic/publication/382452695_Globalni_problemi_i_izazovi_savremenog_radnog_prava_Global_Problems_and_Challenges_to_Conte mporary_Labour_Law/links/673e1b8bc1b80e561650043d/Globalni-problemi-i-izazovi- savremenog-radnog-prava-Global-Problems-and-Challenges-to-Contemporary-Labour-Law.pdf
- Kovačević, LJ., Digitalizacija i automatizacija rada kao predmet kolektivnog pregovaranja, Zbornik radova Kopaoničke škole Prirodnog prava, br. 2/2024.
- Kovačević, LJ., Korišćenje sistema veštačke inteligencije u svetu rada – važniji radnopravni standardi, Poslovni izazovi, vol. II, 2024.
- Konle-Seidl, R., Danesi, S., Digitalisation and changes in the world of work, Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies Directorate-General for Internal Policies, 2022. Krzywdzinsk, M., Gerst, D., Butollo, F., Promoting human-centred AI in the workplace. Trade unions and their strategies for regulating the use of AI in Germany, Transfer, Vol. 29(1)/2023.
- Lacková, E., Are Platform Work Challenges Repurposing Trade Unions as we Know them? The Case of Italy,E-Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies, 2/2024.
- Lévesque, C., Fairbrother, P. & Roby, N., Digitalization and Regulation of Work and Employment: Introduction. Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 75(4)/2020
- Marcolini, A., Gasppari, S., Digitalization and employment relations in the retail sector. Examining the role of trade unions in Italy and Spain, European Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 30, Issue 2, 2024.
- Molina, O., et al., It takes two to code: a comparative analysis of collective bargaining and artificial intelligence, Transfer, Vol. 29,1/2023.
- McKinsey, A Future that Works: Automation, Employment and Productivity. New York: McKinsey Global Institute, 2017.
- Murray, G., Gesualdi-Fecteau, D., Levesque, C., Roby, N., What makes work better or worse? An analytical framework, Transfer Vol. 29(3)/2023.
- Nissim, G., Simon, T., The future of labor unions in the age of automation and at the dawn of AI, Technology in Society 67, 2021.
- Paunović, S., Prilog reformi radnog zakonodavstva u Republici Srbiji iz ugla sindikata, Radno i socijalno pravo, br. 2/2024.
- Payne, J., Loyd, C., Jose, P. S., They tell us after they’ve decided things’: A cross‐ country analysis of unions and digitalisation in retail, Industrial Relations Journal, Vol. 54 Issue 1, 2023.
- Pistore, G., Technological Transformations of Trade Union Activity in the Italian Public Sector, E- Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies, 2/2024.
- Pulignano, V., Carrieri, D., Baccaro, L.,“Industrial relations in Italy in the twenty-first century„, Employee Relations, Vol. 40 Issue: 4, 2018.
- Reljanović, M., Misailović, J., Radnopravni položaj digitalnih radnika, – iskustva evropskih zemalja, Strani pravni život, br 3/2021.
- Reljanović, M., Izazovi digitalizacije preocesa rada – uporedna iskustva u ugrožavanjeu i zaštiti osnovnih prava radnika, Zbornik radoova: Uporednopravni izazovi u savremenom pravu – In memoriam dr Stefan Andonović, Kragujevac – Beograd, 2023.
- Russo, M., Timeless Rights, New Tools: Technological Transformations of Trade Union Activity in the Italian Private Sector, E-Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies, 2/2024.
- Samaluk, B., Kall, K., Trade union project – based revitalizacion strategies in Central and East European: The case of Slovenia and Estonia, European Journal of Industrial Relations,Vol. 29, Issue 1, March 2023.
- Senatori, I., Spinelli, C., (Re-)Regulating Remote Work in the post-pandemic scenario: lessons from the Italian Experience, Italian Labour Law e-Journal Issue 1, Vol. 14, 2021.
- Simović, D., Orlović, S., Komentar Ustava Republike Srbije, Beograd, 2023.
- Stojiljković, Z., U traganju za socijalnom pravdom, Zbornik radova: Društvena pravda u postkomunističkim društvima, Beograd, 2022.
- Stoijiljković, Z., Socijalna kohezija između recitovanja naučenih lekcija i sumorne stvarnosti, Godišnjak Fakulteta političkih nauka, Beograd, 2018.
- Stojiljković, Z., Sindikati i i tranzicija- jedna do kraja neispričana priča, Sociološki pregled, Vol. LIII, 2019.
- Stojiljković, Z., Rad, kapital i socijalna kohezija u (post) pandemijiskom okviru, Političke perspektive, vol 10, br. 2-3/2020.
- Tassinari, A., Maccarone, V., Riders on the Storm: Workplace Solidarity among Gig Economy Couriers in Italy and the UK, Work, Employment and Society, Vol. 34(1)/2020.
- Trenerry B., Chng S., Wang Y., Lim S. S., Ho Oh, P., Mobilising Workers via Digital Means: Reinventing Trade Unions for the Digital Age, SINGAPORE LABOUR JOURNAL 2022.
- Urdarević, B., Neka otvorena pitanja u pogledu radnopravnog statusa frilensera, Udruženje za radno pravo i socijalno osiguranje, br. 2/2022.
- Urdarević, B., Usluge platformskog rada iz ugla sudske prakse, Zbornik radova: XXI vek – vek usluga i Uslužnog prava, knj. 13, Kragujevac, 2022.
- Urdarević, B., Antić, A., Rad preko platformi i novi oblici rada u digitalnoj ekonomiji, Srpska politička misao, br. 2/2021.
- Urdarević, B., Socijalni dijalog u Republici Srbiji – trenutno stanje i perspektive, Radno i socijalno pravo, br. 1/2024.
- Fiorini, A. L., Debono, M., Borg, A., Exploring Trade Union Perceptions Among Members and Non-members in Malta, E-Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies, 2/2024.
- Haake, G., Trade unions, digitalisation and the self-employed – Inclusion or exclusion? Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 23(1)/2017.
- Haipeter, T., Digitalisation, unions and participation: the German case of ‘industry 4.0’, Industrial Relations Journal, Vol. 51, Iss. 3, 2020.
- Hodder, A., Houghton, D., ‘Union use of social media: a study of the University and College Union on Twitter’, New Technology, Work and Employment, vol. 30, no. 3/2015.
- Hyman, R., Gumbrell-McCormick R., Trade unions, politics and parties: Is a new configuration possible? Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 16(3)/2010.
- Hyman, R., Gumbrell-McCormick R., Resisting labour market insecurity: Old and new actors, rivals or allies, Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 59(4)/2017.
- Hyman, R., How can trade unions act strategically? Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 13 (2)/2007.
- Conen, W., De Beer, P., When two (or more) do not equal one: an analysis of the changing nature of multiple and single jobholding in Europe, Transfer, Vol. 27, 2/2021.
- Crompton H., Burke D., Artifcial intelligence in higher education: the state of the feld, Int J Educ Technol High Educ, 2023.
- Costa, H. A., Estanque, E., Trade unions and social movements at the crossroads: A Portuguese view. In: Grote JR and Wagemann C (eds) Social Movements and Organized Labor: Passions and Interests. Abingdon: Routledge, 2019.
- Crouch, C., Membership density and trade union power. Transfer – European Review of Labour and Research 23(1)/2017.
- Carneiro, B., Trade Unions and Facebook: The Need to Improve Dialogue and Expand Networks,
- ETUI Research Paper – Policy Brief 5/2018, Brussels: European Trade Union Institute, 2018. Countouris, N., De Stefano, V., Out of sight, out of mind? Remote work and contractual distancing,
- Ed: Nicola Countouris, Valerio De Stefano, Agnieszka Piasna and Silvia Rainone, In: The future of remote work, 2023.
- Čavoški, K., O pravdi i pravičnosti, Beograd, 2017.
- Wisskirchen G., Digitalization and Automatization and Their Impact on the Global Labor Market, International Committee Newsletter, 2017.
- Weber, T., Janus and the trade union challenge of digital technology. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 23(2)/2017.
Internet izvori:
- https://www.etuc.org/sites/default/files/document/files/en-resol.digitalisation_adopted.pdf str. 7. pristupljeno 6. 3. 2025. godine.
