FORENZIČKO DOKUMENTOVANJE SEKSUALNOG NASILJA: KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA SETOVA I EMPIRIJSKI NALAZI

Usklađivanje pravnog sistema Srbije sa standardima Evropske unije (2025)  (371-392. str.)

AUTOR(I) / AUTHOR(S):Vladimir Šebek

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DOI: 10.46793/UPSSXIII.371S

SAŽETAK / ABSTRACT:

Dokumentovanje seksualnog nasilja zahteva visoko standardizovane i etički utemeljene procedure forenzičkog prikupljanja dokaza. Forenzički setovi razvijeni za ovu svrhu predstavljaju osnovu uspešnog medicinskog i pravnog odgovora, obezbeđujući očuvanje bioloških tragova i smanjenje sekundarne viktimizacije žrtava. Ovaj rad analizira standardne forenzičke setove – Sexual Assault Evidence Kit (SAEK), koji je osnovni forenzički komplet koji obezbeđuje standardizovan pristup prikupljanju, fiksiranju i čuvanju dokaza o seksualnom nasilju, i služi kao polazište za sve druge tipove specijalizovanih forenzičkih setova, Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault (DFSA) kit, namenjen za dokumentovanje farmakološkog aspekta nasilja, i Basic kit, koji je prilagođen humanitarnim i kriznim uslovima. Pored toga, posebna pažnja posvećena je specijalizovanim setovima: PedSAK (za maloletne žrtve), SVIK (integrisani set sa istražnim procedurama), RECK (priručni set za hitne intervencije), military/conflict kits (za ratne zone i izbegličke kampove), kao i kontroverznim self-collected kitovima.

Empirijska istraživanja pokazuju da sistematska upotreba ovih setova povećava verovatnoću otkrivanja i procesuiranja počinilaca, a posebno doprinosi identifikaciji serijskih prestupnika. Analiza ukazuje na pravne i logističke izazove u vezi sa lancem čuvanja dokaza, ograničenim resursima i bezbednošću osoblja, te naglašava važnost međunarodnih smernica (WHO, UNFPA, UNHCR) u usklađivanju prakse. Rad daje komparativni pregled razvoja i primene setova, nudeći sveobuhvatan uvid u njihovu ulogu u prevenciji i procesuiranju seksualnog nasilja.

KLJUČNE REČI / KEYWORDS:

Forenzički setovi za seksualne delikte; seksualno nasilje; kriminalistička istraga; psihološki osetljiv (trauma-informed) pristup; kriminalistika.

PROJEKAT / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Rad je rezultat istraživanja na projektu Pravnog fakulteta Univerziteta u Kragujevcu: „Usklađivanje pravnog sistema Srbije sa standardima Evropske unije”, koji se finansira iz sredstava Fakulteta.

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