АУТОР / AUTHOR(S): Sanja Klempić Bogadi 
DOI: 10.46793/CSGE5.35SKB
САЖЕТАК / ABSTRACT:
The contemporary demographic landscape of Croatia has been significantly shaped by migration, including its directions, intensities, causes, and consequences. The complexity of migration is inseparable from the history of Croatia; therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of different types of migration from the end of World War II to the present. Internal migration is analysed with an emphasis on the migration from rural areas to cities, explaining the effects of these processes on the uneven distribution of the population. Different aspects of emigration and immigration up until Croatia’s independence are then analysed. While forced migration primarily shaped the demographic picture of Croatia in the 1990s, economic migration became dominant again at the beginning of the 21st century, significantly intensifying after Croatia’s accession to the European Union (EU). Intense emigration exacerbated already unfavourable demographic processes and accelerated labour market disruption, resulting in a labour shortage.
After several decades dominated by emigration, migration in Croatia has diversified in the last ten years. Croatia has evolved into a transit country for migrants as well as an immigration destination, attracting individuals not solely from the former Yugoslav region. Since the 1990s, the majority of immigrants have been Croatian citizens from countries formed after the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia. Most of the immigrants came from Bosnia and Herzegovina, predominantly ethnic Croats and primarily Croatian citizens, while the number of immigrants from other ethnicities was negligible. However, in recent years, migration patterns have been changing, and today most immigrants are citizens of third countries. Although those from European countries that are not members of the EU (countries formed after the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia) still dominate among them, there is an increasing number of workers from Asia—Nepal, India, the Philippines, Bangladesh, and others.
КЉУЧНЕ РЕЧИ / KEYWORDS:
emigration; immigration; internal migration; demographic change; Croatia