ANDROID KAO KNJIŽEVNI JUNAK: NARATIVNE FUNKCIJE I ARHETIPOVI LIKOVA UMJETNE INTELIGENCIJE U ROMANU „KLARA I SUNCE’

Детињство 1 (2026) (9-20 стр.)

АУТОР(И) / AUTHOR(S): Marina M. GABELICA Goran M. BRKIĆ

Download Full Pdf   

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46793/Childhood26.1.01MG

САЖЕТАК / ABSTRACT:

U ovom radu analizira se lik umjetne inteligencije kao fikcijski lik na primjeru romana Klara i Sunce Kazua Ishigura. Na temelju kritičkog pregleda postojećih teorijskih pristupa razvija se integrirani analitički okvir u četiri razine: karakterizacija se promatra kroz prizmu antropomorfizacije, agencija kroz narativnu subjektivnost, a intencionalnost kroz etiku i moralnost, uz završnu sintezu arhetipskih funkcija i postojećih kulturnih imaginarija umjetne inteligencije. Analiza pokazuje da je Klara trajno ambivalentan lik, istodobno humaniziran i instrumentaliziran, niske djelatne agencije, ali visoke narativne subjektivnosti, čija je moralnost ponajprije relacijski i čitateljski konstruirana. Time se pokazuje kako roman sudjeluje u preoblikovanju postojećih arhetipova jer fokus premješta s tehnologije na etičku odgovornost i ljudske odnose. Klara i Sunce tako se upisuje u ciklički odnos fikcije i stvarnosti, u kojem književni imaginariji umjetne inteligencije ne samo da odražavaju tehnološke promjene nego ih i suoblikuju.

КЉУЧНЕ РЕЧИ / KEYWORDS:

arhetipski likovi UI; narativni imaginariji; umjetna inteligencija; Klara i Sunce; Kazuo Ishiguro

ПРОЈЕКАТ / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

Ovaj je rad nastao u okviru institucionalnoga istraživačkog projekta Multimodalni umjetnički diskursi za djecu i mlade: književni, likovni i filmski jezici u suodnosu – MUDIM (šifra projekta: UFZG-NPOO-25-476) Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Učiteljskoga fakulteta koji financira Europska unija – NextGenerationEU.

ЛИТЕРАТУРА / REFERENCES:

IZVOR
  • Ishiguro, Kazuo. Klara i Sunce. Zagreb: Mitopeja, 2021.
LITERATURA
  • Alkodimi, Khaled Abkar. Posthumanism, Artificial Intelligence and Ishiguro’s Klara & the Sun: Can Humanoid Machines Attain Consciousness? Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture, 8(1) (2024): 200–214.
  • Banerjee, Agnibha. “Just Fabric”: The Becoming Black of the (Post)Human in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun (2021). Sillages critiques, 32 (2022).
  • Bamberg, Michael. “Agency.” David Herman, Manfred Jahn, Marie-Laure Ryan (eds.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory. London – New York: Routledge, 2008, 9–10.
  • Bory, Paolo, Simone Natale, Christian Katzenbach. Strong and weak AI narratives: an analytical framework. AI & Society, 40 (2025): 2107–2117.
  • Cave, Stephen, Kanta Dihal. Hopes and fears for intelligent machines in fiction and reality. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1 (2019): 74–78.
  • Culler, Jonathan. Literary Theory. A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • Dihal, Kanta. Enslaved Minds. Artificial Intelligence, Slavery, and Revolt. Stephen Cave, Kanta Dihal, Sarah Dillon (eds.), AI Narratives. A History of Imaginative Thinking About Intelligent Machines. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020, 189–212.
  • Dolby, R. G. A. The possibility of computers becoming persons. Social Epistemology, 3(4) (1989): 321–336.
  • Echarte Alonso, Luis E. Exploring moral perception and mind uploading in Kazuo Ishiguro’s ‘Klara and the Sun’: ethical-aesthetic perspectives on identity attribution in artificial intelligence. Frontiers in Communication, 8 (2023).
  • Gunkel, David J. The machine question: critical perspectives on AI, robots, and ethics. Cambridge (MA) – London: The MIT Press, 2012.
  • Jasanoff, Sheila. Future Imperfect: Science, Technology, and the Imaginations of Modernity. Sheila Jasanoff, Sang-Hyun Kim (eds.), Dreamscapes of Modernity Sociotechnical Imaginaries and the Fabrication of Power. Chicago – London: The University of Chicago Press, 2015, 1–33.
  • Li, Oliver, Johan Eddebo. The Humanity of the Non-Human: Themes of Artificial Subjectivity in Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun. New Techno Humanities, 3(2) (2023): 124–129.
  • Li, Yaqui. Agentive Sun: A New Materialist View of Nature-Technology Interactions in Klara and the Sun. International Journal of Education and Humanities, 19(1) (2025): 119–122.
  • Liveley, Genevieve, Sam Thomas. Homer’s Intelligent Machines: AI in Antiquity. Stephen Cave, Kanta Dihal, Sarah Dillon (eds.), AI Narratives. A History of Imaginative Thinking About Intelligent Machines. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020, 189–212.
  • Malik, Huma Asif, Hareem Arif, Ayesha Saif Ur Rehman, Arfa Naeem. AI as a Literary Character: Reimagining the Human–Machine Relationship in 21st Century Fiction. Dialogue Social Science Review, 3(6) (2025): 87–96.
  • Margolin, Uri. “Character.” David Herman, Manfred Jahn, Marie-Laure Ryan (eds.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory. London – New York: Routledge, 2008, 52–57.
  • McCarthy, John, Marvin L. Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, Claude E. Shannon. A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, August 31, 1955. AI Magazine, 27(4) (2026).
  • McIntyre, Dan. “Characterisation.” Peter Stockwell, Sara Whiteley (eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Stylistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014, 149–164.
  • Milone, Giulio. Humans, Androids, Gods. Kazuo Ishiguro’s Simulacra. Between, 12(24) (2022), 381–400.
  • Morse, Margaret. Virtualities: Television, Media Art and Cyberculture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.
  • Mosco, Vincent. The digital sublime: myth, power, and cyberspace. Cambridge (MA): The MIT Press, 2004.
  • Oliveira, Raquel, Elmira Yadollahi. Robots in Movies: A Content Analysis of the Portrayal of Fictional Social Robots. Behaviour & Information Technology, 43 (5) (2024): 970–87.
  • Peiro, Mickael, Pierre Loup, Jeremy Aroles. The Fictional Archetypes of AI: For a Qualitative-Quantitative Analysis of Representations in Films. M@n@gement, 28(3) (2024): 1–20.
  • Ricoeur, Paul. Oneself as Another. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1992.
  • Schofield, Damian, Noelle C. L. LeRoy. Representing Robots: The Appearance of Artificial Humans in Cinematic Media. Journal of Arts & Humanities, 7 (5) (2018): 12–28.
  • Searle, John R. Minds, brains, and programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(3) (1980): 417–24.
  • Singh, Vaishnavi. The Feminized Cyborg: Gendered Constructs of AI in Klara and the Sun. Gyanvividha, 2(1) (2025): 152–162.
  • Sullins, John P. When is a robot a moral agent? International Review of Information Ethics, 6(12) (2006): 23–30.
  • Sweeney, Paula. Social Robots. A Fiction Dualism Model. Lanham – Boulder – New York – London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2023.
  • Wilson, Eric. The Melancholy Android: On the Psychology of Sacred Machines. State University of New York Press, 2006.
  • Wu, Jinchun, Xiaoxi Du, Yixuan Liu, Wenzhe Tang, Chengqi Xue. How the Degree of Anthropomorphism of Human-like Robots Affects Users’ Perceptual and Emotional Processing: Evidence from an EEG Study. Sensors, 24(15) (2024).
  • Xiao, Yiqun. Dissonances of Emotions: Symbols in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun. Bungei Hyōshō Ronshū, 9 (2021): 1–20.
Post Views: 62