СУЗБИЈАЊЕ НЕЗАКОНИТЕ ТРГОВИНЕ КУЛТУРНИМ ДОБРИМА У ПРАВУ ЕВРОПСКЕ УНИЈЕ

Усклађивање правног система Србије са стандардима Европске уније (2024) (стр. 391-408)

АУТОР(И) / AUTHOR(S): Вишња Ранђеловић

Download Full Pdf   

DOI: 10.46793/UPSSXII.391R

САЖЕТАК / ABSTRACT:

Културна добра у свакој држави представљају добра од великог друштвеног, културолошког, историјског и научног значаја. Управо због своје вредности и велике заинтересованости како установа културе, тако и приватних колекционара за културна добра, она су постала предмет незаконите трговине у целом свету, а посебно на простору Европске уније. Трговина културним добрима може имати различите облике, као што су крађа из установа културног наслеђа или приватних колекција, пљачке археолошких локалитета, расељавање артефаката због рата итд. Посебно је изражена током трајања оружаних сукоба када поприма драстичне размере. Због велике вредности културних добара, уочена је и веза између трговине овим добрима и организованог криминалитета. Из ових разлога на нивоу Европске уније је видљива појачана законодавна активност усмерена на сузбијање незаконите трговине културним добрима.

КЉУЧНЕ РЕЧИ / KEYWORDS:

културна добра, незаконита трговина, етиолошко-феноменолошка димензија, Европска унија

ЛИТЕРАТУРА / REFERENCES:

  • Al-Azm, A., Paul, K.M., Graham, S., Facebook’s black market in antiquities. Trafficking, terrorism, and war crimes. Antiquities Trafficking and Heritage Anthropology Research, (ATHAR) Project, 2019, доступно на: http://atharproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ATHAR-FB-Report-June-2019-final.pdf, приступ: август 2024. године.
  • Al-Saad, Z., Simon, S., Illicit Excavations and Trade in Antiquities, The Unsettled Challenge for Jordan, у: Oosterman, N., Yates, D., eds., Art Crime in Context, Springer, 2023.
  • Balcells, M., Art Crime as White-Collar Crime, у: Kila, J., Balcells, M., eds., Cultural Property Crime, An Overview and Analysis of Contemporary Perspectives and Trends, Brill, Leiden, Boston, 2015.
  • Bogdanos, M., Thieves of Baghdad: The Global Traffic in Stolen Iraqui Antiquities, у: Manacorda, S., Chappell, D., eds., Crime in the Art and Antiquities World, Illegal Trafficking in Cultural Property, Springer, New York, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, 2011.
  • Bowman Balestrieri, B. A., The Antiquities Licit-Illicit Interface, у: Hufnagel, S., Chappell, D., eds., The Palgrave Handbook on Art Crime, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2019.
  • Brodie, N., An archaeologist’s view of the trade in unprovenanced antiquities, у: Hoffman, B. T., (ed.), Art and cultural heritage: Law, policy and practice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, 2006.
  • Brodie, N., The Market in Iraqui Antiquities 1980-2009 and Academic Involvement in the Marketing Process, у: Manacorda, S., Chappell, D., eds., Crime in the Art and Antiquities World, Illegal Trafficking in Cultural Property, Springer, New York, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, 2011.
  • Visconti, A., Trafficking in Cultural Property. An Evolving International Legal Framework, у: Militello, V., Spena, A., eds., The Challenges of Illegal Trafficking in the Mediterranean Area, Springer, 2023.
  • Игњатовић, Ђ., Криминологија, Београд, 2008.
  • Lane, D., Bromley, D., Hicks, R., Mahoney, J., Time Crime: The Transnational Organization of Art and Antiquities Theft, Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Volume 24, Number 3, August 2008.
  • Manacorda, S., Criminal Law Protection of Cultural Heritage: An International Perspective, у: Manacorda, S., Chappell, D., eds., Crime in the Art and Antiquities World, Illegal Trafficking in Cultural Property, Springer, New York, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, 2011.
  • Nistri, G., The Experience of the Italian Cultural Heritage Protection Unit, у: Manacorda, S., Chappell, D., eds., Crime in the Art and Antiquities World, Illegal Trafficking in Cultural Property, Springer, New York, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, 2011.
  • O’Keefe, R., The Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflict, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006.
  • Passas, N., Bowman Proulx, B., Overview of Crimes and Antiquities, у: Manacorda, S., Chappell, D., eds., Crime in the Art and Antiquities World, Illegal Trafficking in Cultural Property, Springer, New York, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, 2011.
  • Polner, M., Preventing Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Objects: A Supply Chain Perspective, у: Hufnagel, S., Chappell, D., eds., The Palgrave Handbook on Art Crime, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2019.
  • Puskás, A., “Blood Antiquities” of Africa: A Link between Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property and Terrorism-Financing?, Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science, 21.1/2022.
  • Ranđelović, V., The protection of cultural heritage in International criminal law, Archibald Reiss Days, Conference Proceedings of international significance, vol. 13, 2023.
  • Самарџић, Р., Уметност и криминал, Нови Сад, 2017.
  • Schindler, H., Frederique, G., Looting and smuggling of artifacts as a strategy to finance terrorism global sanctions as a disruptive and preventive tool, International Journal of Cultural Property, 26.3/2019.
  • Tijhuis, A.J.G., The Trafficking Problem: A Criminological Perspective, у: Manacorda, S., Chappell, D., eds., Crime in the Art and Antiquities World, Illegal Trafficking in Cultural Property, Springer, New York, Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, 2011.
  • Higgins, V., Plunder and Looting: Some Historical Reminders, у: Hufnagel, S., Chappell, D., eds., The Palgrave Handbook on Art Crime, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2019.
  • Czegledi, B., Crimes against art, International art and cultural heritage law, Carswell, Toronto, 2010.
  • Chappell, D., Polk, K., Unraveling the „Corda“: Just How Organized Is the International Traffic in Cultural Objects?, у: Manacorda, S., Chappell, D., eds., Crime in the Art and Antiquities World, Illegal Trafficking in Cultural Property, Springer, 2011.
  • Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Resolution 2057 (2015), Cultural heritage in crisis and post-crisis situations, adopted by the Standing Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on 22 May 2015.
  • Council of Europe, The Convention on Offences relating to Cultural Property, adopted on 19 May 2017 in Nicosia,Council of Europe Treaty Series no. 221.
  • Council of Europe, The European Cultural Convention, European Treaty Series- No. 18, Paris, 19.12.1954.
  • Council of Europe, The European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Revised), European Treaty Series- No. 143, Valetta, 16.1.1992.
  • Council of Europe, The Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe, European Treaty Series- No. 121, Granada, 3.10.1985.
  • Council of Europe, The Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society, Council of Europe Treaty Series- No. 199, Faro, 27.10.2005.
  • Council of Europe, The European Convention on Offences relating to Cultural Property, European Treaty Series- No. 119, opened for signature in Delphi on 23 June 1985.
  • UNESCO, Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, Date and place of adoption: 14 November 1970, Paris, France, Entry into force: 24 April 1972.
  • Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. The Hague, 14 May 1954.
  • APPLICAZIONE PER DISPOSITIVI MOBILI “ITPC”, https://cultura.gov.it/mibac/ multimedia/MiBAC/documents/feed/pdf/Comunicato%20stampa%20iTPC-imported-44388.pdf; https://www.interpol.int/Crimes/Cultural-heritage-crime/ID-Art-mobile-app#:~: text=The%20ID%2DArt%20mobile%20app,objects%20from%20134%20member%20countries, приступ: август 2024. године.
  • Europol, “Over 18,000 Items Seized And 59 Arrests Made In Operation Targeting Cultural Goods.”, press release, July 29, 2019, доступно на: https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/over-18-000-items-seized-and-59-arrests-made-in-operation-targeting-cultural-goods, приступ: август 2024. године.
  • Europol, “Over 41,000 Artefacts Seized In Global Operation Targeting The Illicit Trafficking Of Cultural Goods.” Press release, February 2, 2018, доступно на: https://www.europol. europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/over-41-000-artefacts-seized-in-global-operation-targeting-illicit-trafficking-of-cultural-goods, приступ: август 2024. године.
  • Interpol, “101 Arrested and 19,000 Stolen Artefacts Recovered in International Crackdown on Art Тrafficking.” Press release, May 6, 2020, доступно на: https://www.europol.europa.eu/ media-press/newsroom/news/101-arrested-and-19000-stolen-artefacts-recovered-in-international-crackdown-art-trafficking, приступ: август 2024. године.