АУТОР / AUTHOR(S): Elena Petrova 
DOI: 10.46793/CSGE5.181EP
САЖЕТАК / ABSTRACT:
Hazardous natural processes and phenomena of various origins not only have a direct negative impact on the population and the economy, but also could act as a kind of “trigger” for the occurrence of accidents and emergencies in the technological systems and infrastructure facilities that they affect. Such types of accidents and emergencies, which are triggered by the impact of any natural hazard, are considered as natural hazard triggered technological accidents (so called Natechs). Especially dangerous social and environmental consequences have accidents resulting in releases of various pollutants. Accidents that disrupt the normal living conditions of the population create emergency situations. The paper presents the results of a long-term study of Natech events, their causes and consequences, temporal and regional distribution in the Russia. The observation period was 1991–2023. The main research method is the compilation of an electronic database (DB) of technological accidents, followed by statistical and geographical analysis. The information in the DB is collected in a structured form that allows searching and computer processing of the accumulated data. Data about previous dangerous events, collected in a DB over a sufficiently long period of time (more than 30 years in our case), can be interpolated to predict their future development, as well as to assess natural risks for the population. The author’s DB contains information about accidents and emergencies at technological facilities that occurred in Russia since 1991, including those caused by the impact of natural hazards. The main types of Natechs are distinguished. The areas of the highest risk of their occurrences have been identified. The contribution of various natural factors to the formation of the identified types of Natechs has been studied. Almost half of all events (48%) were caused by the impact on technological objects of a whole complex of dangerous hydrological and meteorological processes and phenomena, which include unfavorable combinations of various climatic parameters and hazards, such as strong winds, liquid and solid precipitation, floods, hard frosts, heat waves, lightning strikes, and others.
КЉУЧНЕ РЕЧИ / KEYWORDS:
natural hazard; Natech; technological system; infrastructure; database; Russia
ЛИТЕРАТУРА / REFERENCES:
- Cruz, A. M., & Okada, N. (2008). Consideration of natural hazards in the design and risk management of industrial facilities. Natural Hazards, 44(2), 213–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-007-9118-1
- Cruz, A. M., Steinberg, L. J., & Vetere-Arellano, A. L. (2006). Emerging Issues for Natech Disaster Risk Management in Europe. Journal of Risk Research, 9(5), 483–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/
13669870600717657 - Kislov, A. V., Evstigneev, V. M., Malkhazova, S. M., Sokolikhina, N. N., Surkova, G. V., Toropov, P. A., Chernyshev, A. V., & Chumachenko, A. N. (2008). Prognoz klimaticheskoy resursoobespechennosti Vostochno-Yevropeyskoy ravniny v usloviyakh potepleniya XXI veka [Forecast of climatic resource availability of the East European Plain under warming conditions of the 21st century]. MAKS Press.
- Krausmann, E., & Cruz, A. M. (2008). Preface. Natural Hazards, 46(2), 139–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11069-008-9225-7 - Malkhazova, S. M., & Chalov, R. S. (Eds.). (2004). Geografiya, obshchestvo, okruzhayushchaya sreda. Tom 4. Prirodno-antropogennyye protsessy i ekologicheskiy risk [Geography, society, environment. Vol. 4. Natural-anthropogenic processes and environmental risk]. Gorodets.
- Masys, A. J., Ray-Bennett, N., Shiroshita, H., & Jackson, P. (2014). High Impact/Low Frequency Extreme Events: Enabling Reflection and Resilience in a Hyper-connected World. Procedia Economics and Finance, 18, 772–779. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)01001-6
- Myagkov, S. M. (1995). Geografiya prirodnogo riska [Geography of natural risk]. Moscow State University.
- Petrova, E. G. (2017). Tekhnogennyye opasnosti. Opasnost’ chrezvychaynykh situatsiy tekhnogennogo kharaktera [Technogenic hazards. Danger of technological emergency situations]. In Ekologicheskiy atlas Rossii (p. 311). Feoria.
- Petrova, E. (2020). Natural hazard impacts on transport infrastructure in Russia. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 20(7), 1969–1983. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-1969-2020
- Petrova, E. G. (2021). Issledovaniye opasnykh meteorologicheskikh vozdeystviy na vozdushnyye linii elektroperedachi v Rossii [Study of hazardous meteorological impacts on overhead power lines in Russia]. GeoRisk, 15(2), 26–36.
- Petrova, E. G., & Krausmann, E. (2011). Postface “From natural hazards to technological disasters”. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11(11), 3063–3065. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-3063-2011
- Salzano, E., Basco, A., Busini, V., Cozzani, V., Marzo, E., Rota, R., & Spadoni, G. (2013). Public awareness promoting new or emerging risks: industrial accidents triggered by natural hazards (NaTech). Journal of Risk Research, 16(3–4), 469–485. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2012.729529
- Showalter, P. S., & Myers, M. F. (1992). Natural disasters as the cause of technological emergencies: A review of the decade, 1980–1989. Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado.
- Showalter, P. S., & Myers, M. F. (1994). Natural Disasters in the United States as Release Agents of Oil, Chemicals, or Radiological Materials Between 1980-1989: Analysis and Recommendations. Risk Analysis, 14(2), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00042