International Scientific Conference Squaring the Circle : the New Global Dynamics (2026) [pp. 105-113]
AUTHOR(S) / АУТОР(И): Guichang Zhu 
, Tahirou Sirifo Adamou Rachid
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46793/7067.3731.105Z
ABSTRACT / САЖЕТАК:
Since the end of the Second World War, the European project has undergone a series of profound identity transformations. In its early decades, the European Community was often characterized as a civilian power – an actor that relied on economic instruments, trade, and development aid to project influence abroad, deliberately eschewing military force (Duchêne, 1972). With the end of the Cold War and the deepening of integration, the European Union redefined itself as a normative power and an exporter of rules, norms, and values in a liberal international order (Manners, 2002). For nearly two decades, this self-image shaped the EU’s external action, from the European Neighbourhood Policy to its role in climate diplomacy.