FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION AS A CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY: THE CROSSROADS OF ITS IN INTERNATIONAL, EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW ENFORCEMENT

Zbornik radova Raskršća međunarodnog krivičnog prava,  199-208 str.)

 

AUTOR(I) / AUTHOR(S): María Ángeles Cuadrado Ruiz

 

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DOI:  10.46793/CrossrICL.199CR

SAŽETAK / ABSTRACT:

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a practice that involves the alteration or removal of a woman’s external genitalia for non-medical reasons. Internationally recognized as a human rights violation, it affects more than 230 million women and girls worldwide. It constitutes an extreme form of violence against women. FGM is classified as a crime against humanity, as defined in Article 7 of the Rome Statute, allowing for a broader approach that exposes the system of domination that sustains this violence.

Directive (EU) 2024/1385 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 May 2024 on combating violence against women and domestic violence expressly provides that FGM should be specifically regulated in the criminal laws of Member States, given the special nature of this crime and the need to ensure the protection of victims who suffer specific harm as a result.

In Spain, FGM is classified as a crime of serious injuries (Article 149 of the Penal Code), and its extraterritorial prosecution was permitted from 2005 to 2014. Currently, as a crime against humanity, it is also subject to universal justice.

Challenges in law enforcement are established, guidelines for the prevention and eradication of FGM, as well as for victim care.

KLJUČNE REČI / KEYWORDS:

Female genital mutilation, crime against humanity, enforcement, jurisdiction

PROJEKAT / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

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