PRIVATNI ZATVORI U SJEDINJENIM AMERIČKIM DRŽAVAMA

XXI vek – vek usluga i uslužnog prava (2022) (str. 135-153)

AUTOR(I): Janko Munjić

Download Full Pdf   

DOI: 10.46793/XXIv-13.135M

SAŽETAK:

U radu autor analizira različite aspekte privatnih zatvora u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, kao tla na kome je ponikao savremeni koncept privatziacije zatvora. Prvi deo rada biće posvećen istorijskom razvoju privatnih zatvora na američkom području, počev od najranijih oblika uključivanja privatnog sektora u izvršenje kazne zatvora, u vidu privatnog transportnog sistema zatvorenika i angažovanja zatvorenika na najraznovrsnijim fizičkim poslovima u okviru privatnog sektora, pa do savremenih modela uređenja predmetnih institucija. U drugom delu rada, autor će ispitati uticaj pandemije Covid-19 i političkih previranja na američkoj političkoj sceni na zastupljenost privatnih kaznionica u sistemu izvršenja krivičnih sankcija Sjedinjenih Američkih Država, u sklopu čega će biti dat i osvrt na mogući dalji razvoj događaja u pogledu zatvora kojima upravljaju privatne kompanije na teritoriji Sjedinjenih Američkih Država, kao i kakav bi uticaj dešavanja na ovom području mogla izvršiti na budućnost privatnih zatvora u drugim državama sveta.

KLJUČNE REČI:

zatvor, privatni zatvor, privatizacija, kaznena politika, Sjedinjene Američke Države.

LITERATURA: 

  • Austin, J., Coventry, G., Emerging Issues on Privatized Prisons, U.S. Department of Justice: Bureau of Justice Assistance, National Council on Crime and Delinquency, 2001.
  • Dimovski, D., Privatni zatvori, Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Nišu, god. LIII, br. 68/2014.
  • Dolovich, S., State punishment and private prisons, Duke Law Journal, vol. 55, no. 3/2005.
  • Kesić, Z., Privatizacija kažnjavanja: način za prevazilaženje ili produbljivanje krize zatvaranja, Strani pravni život, br. 1/2010.
  • Kesić, Z., Privatni sektor u kontroli kriminaliteta, Beograd, 2009.
  • Kovačević, M., Privatni zatvori, Strani pravni život, br. 2/2012.
  • Kokolj, M., Upravljanje zatvorima od strane privatnih korporacija „privatni zatvori“, Strani pravni život, br. 3/2005.
  • Savić, N., Privatni zatvori, master rad, Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu, 2014.
  • Shapiro, D., Banking on bondage: Private Prisons and Mass Incarceration, ACLU National Prison Project and Center for Justice, 2011.
  • Sellers, M. P., The History and Politics of Private Prisons: A Comparative Analysis, Associated University Presses, 1993.
  • America’s private-prison industry has always been all right (dostupno na: https://psmag.com/economics/since-the-19th-century, avgust 2022. godine)
  • Are private prisons driving mass incarceration? (dostupno na: https://www.prisonpolicy.org/ blog/2015/10/07/private_prisons_parasite/?gclid=Cj0KCQjw0oyYBhDGARIsAMZEuMvBRYSsEZGhXaA5he5dQ2CL2pRU4fhvfqXuKdVdGE2QLHq-SAWdl2IaAqpYEALw_wcB, avgust 2022)
  • A year after Biden’s executive order on private prisons, business is still booming (dostupno na: https://www.grid.news/story/politics/2022/01/26/a-year-after-bidens-executive-order-on-private-prisons-business-is-still-booming/, avgust 2022).
  • Breaking Down Biden’s Order to Eliminate DOJ Private Prison Contracts (dostupno na: https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/breaking-down-bidens-order-eliminate-doj-private-prison-contracts, avgust 2022).
  • Geo Group Annual Report 2021 (dostupno na: https://stocklight.com/stocks/us/administrative-and-support-and-waste-management-and-remediation-services/nyse-geo/geo-group/annual-reports/nyse-geo-2021-10K-21635560.pdf, avgust 2022).
  • Executive Order on Reforming Our Incarceration System to Eliminate the Use of Privately Operated Criminal Detention Facilities (tekst direktive je dostupan na: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/26/executive-order-reforming-our-incarceration-system-to-eliminate-the-use-of-privately-operated-criminal-detention -facilities/, avgust 2022).
  • Justice Department says it will end use of private prisons (dostupno na: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/08/18/justice-department-says-it-will-end-use-of-private-prisons/, avgust 2022).
  • Justice Department memo announcing the end of its use of private prisons (dostupno na: http://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/documents/national/justice-department-memo-announcing-announcing-the-end-of-its-use-of-private-prisons/2127/?itid=lk_interstitial_manual_6, avgust 2022).
  • Moshannon Valley Correctional Facility to Reopen as ICE Center (dostupno na: https://gantnews.com/2021/09/29/moshannon-valley-correctional-facility-to-reopen-as-ice-center/, avgust 2022).
  • People in Jail and Prison in Spring 2021 (dostupno na: https://www.vera.org/ downloads/publications/people-in-jail-and-prison-in-spring-2021.pdf, avgust 2022).
  • President Barack Obama, NAACP conference at the Pennsylvania Convention Center, July 14, 2015. (izvor: https://equaljusticematters.org/?gclid=Cj0KCQjw0oyYBhDGARIsAMZEu MsRZvMzhmeraVNMs3O_fJJVszO3LHZp_ZQA_WPz163t5Id5q-AYqNYaAp3eEALw_wcB, avgust 2022).
  • Private prison companies pursue creative workarounds to Biden executive order (dostupno na: https://theintercept.com/2021/10/22/private-prisons-jails-geo-group-biden/, avgust 2022).
  • Public Safety, Public Spending: Forecasting America’s Prison Population 2007-2011 (dostupno na: https://static.prisonpolicy.org/scans/PSPP_prison_projections_0207.pdf, avgust 2022).
  • Sessions signals support for private prisons, rescinds memo meant to phase out their use (dostupno na: https://www.foxnews.com/politics/sessions-signals-support-for-private-prisons-rescinds-memo-meant-to-phase-out-their-use, avgust 2022).
  • The Prison-Industrial Complex (dostupno na: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/ 1998/12/the-prison-industrial-complex/304669/, avgust 2022).
  • Fifty Years Ago Today, President Nixon Declared the War on Drugs (dostupno na: https://www.vera.org/news/fifty-years-ago-today-president-nixon-declared-the-war-on-drugs, avgust 2022).
  • https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-management, avgust 2022.
  • https://www.bop.gov/about/statistics/population_statistics.jsp, avgust 2022.
  • https://www.geogroup.com/
  • https://www.corecivic.com/
  • CoreCivic Annual Report 2021 (dostupno na: https://ir.corecivic.com/static-files/983f3a9e-b212-4261-bb4c-ffd26f849f90, avgust 2022).
  • “Worse than slavery”: Parchman Farm and the Ordeal of Jim Crow Justice (dostupno na: https://archive.org/stream/OshinskyDavidMWorseThanSlaveryParchmanbOk.xyz/%5BOshinsky%2C_David_M%5D_Worse_than_slavery__Parchman_%28b-ok.xyz%29_djvu.txt, avgust 2022).
  • What Is a Private Prison? (dostupno na: https://study.com/academy/lesson/private-vs-public-prisons-differences-statistics.html, avgust 2022).
  • What is the Prison Industrial Complex? (dostupno na: https://study.com/academy/lesson/ prison-industrial-complex-definition-facts-statistics.html, avgust 2022).