АУТОР(И): Gojko Rikalović, Bojan Vračarević, Dejan Molnar
Е-АДРЕСА: gojko.rikalovic@ekof.bg.ac.rs, bojanvracarevic@gmail.com, dejan.molnar@ekof.bg.ac.rs
DOI: 10.46793/EEE21-3.66R
САЖЕТАК:
Tržište energije karakterišu značajne nesavršenosti. Negativni eksterni efekti, i ostale nesavršenosti tržišta imaju, između ostalog, ozbiljnu posledicu – šalju pogrešne cenovne signale i maskiraju prave troškove koji nastaju u procesu proizvodnje i potrošnje energije. Kao rezultat toga dolazi do ozbiljne degradacije životne sredine na lokalnom i globalnom nivou. Negativni efekti na globalnom nivou, poput iscrpljivanja neobnovljivih resursa i promene globalne klime, predstavljaju najozbiljnije izazove s kojima se suočava čovečanstvo danas. Odgovori javnog sektora na tržišne nesavršenosti, u vidu različitih mera i instrumenata, su dobro poznati u ekonomskoj teoriji i u mnogim okolnostima su se pokazali efektivnim u praksi. Ipak, u stručnoj literaturi se, čak i danas, uglavnom prenebregava činjenica da davanje prednosti ekonomskim i socijalnim ciljevima u javnim politikama može imati i često ima za posledicu pogoršanje kvaliteta životne sredine. Pored toga, neuspeh regulative u oblasti energetike vodi ka ekološkoj degradaciji. Posebno je kritična situacija u mnogim zemljama u razvoju jer se u trci za ostvarenjem ciljeva iz oblasti industrije, poljoprivrede ili energetike, kao kolateralna šteta, javljaju veliki problemi u oblasti životne sredine koji vode ekološkoj neodrživosti. Sa ekonomskog aspekta važni su kako efektivnost, tako i efikasnost energetske politike, u smislu njenog potencijala da doprinosi poboljšanju u domenu zaštite životne sredine i energetske efikasnosti. Jednu od najboljih strategija predstavlja uvođenje važnih aspekata životne sredine u tržišnu sferu. Na taj način, limitiranost prirodnih resursa bi se odražavala na njihove cene. Ukidanje prakse velikih subvencija i potcenjenosti cena fosilnih goriva je, sigurno, korak u pravom smeru.
КЉУЧНЕ РЕЧИ:
energetska politika, potrošnja energije, energetska efikasnost, klimatske promene, održivi razvoj
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