RASŠIRENIE ROLI UGOLOVNOGO PRAVA V SFERE ЭKOLOGIČESKOЙ OTVETSTVENNOSTI

ZBORNIK RADOVA  Međunarodno krivično pravo sa osvrtom na zaštitu životne sredine [str. 253-265]

 

AUTHOR(S) / AUTOR(I): Redion Luli

 
Download Full Pdf   

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46793/CrLawEnvP.253L

ABSTRACT / SAŽETAK:

V statьe analiziruetsя эvolюciя meždunarodnogo i evropeйskogo podhoda k borьbe s izmeneniem klimata i эkologičeskimi prestupleniяmi v period posle prinяtiя Parižskogo soglašeniя 2015 goda. Podčerkivaetsя rost globalьnogo эkologičeskogo soznaniя, usilenie naučnogo konsensusa i rasširenie spektra ugroz ot utratы bioraznoobraziя do transnacionalьnoй эkologičeskoй prestupnosti. Osoboe vnimanie udelяetsя razvitiю ugolovnogo эkologičeskogo prava, vklюčaя prinяtie Direktivы ES 2024/1203 i Konvencii Soveta Evropы ob ohrane okružaющeй sredы posredstvom ugolovnogo prava 2025 goda, a takže roli sudebnoй praktiki Evropeйskogo suda po pravam čeloveka. Nesmotrя na institucionalьnый progress, sistema ugolovnogo pravosudiя stalkivaetsя s serьeznыmi vыzovami: složnostью dokazыvaniя эkologičeskih prestupleniй, nehvatkoй эkspertizы, dlitelьnostью processov i fragmentarnostью zakonodatelьstva. Vozrastaet davlenie so storonы graždanskogo obщestva, trebuющego bolee strogogo nakazaniя za эkologičeskiй uщerb, čto stavit sudы pered neobhodimostью balansirovatь meždu repressieй i zaщitoй prav. V zaklюčenie avtor prihodit k vыvodu, čto эkologičeskoe ugolovnoe pravo stanovitsя važnыm instrumentom globalьnogo upravleniя, odnako ego эffektivnostь zavisit ot dalьneйšeй koordinacii na meždunarodnom urovne, institucionalьnogo ukrepleniя i sposobnosti adaptirovatьsя k kompleksnыm vыzovam antropocena.

KEYWORDS / KLJUČNE REČI: 

эkologičeskoe ugolovnoe pravo; эkologičeskie prestupleniя; ES; Sovet Evropы; ESPČ; эkocid; meždunarodnoe sotrudničestvo

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / PROJEKAT:

REFERENCES / LITERATURA:

  • IPBES, Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (2019). URL: <https://www.ipbes.net/global-assessment>.
  • INTERPOL and UNEP, The Rise of Environmental Crime: A Growing Threat to Natural Resources, Peace, Development and Security (2022). URL:///C:/Users/Student/Desktop/UNEP-INTERPOL%20Report%20The%20Rise%20of%20Environmental%20Crime%20(1).pdf.
  • Solomon M Hsiang, Marshall Burke and Edward Miguel, ‘Quantifying the Influence of Climate on Human Conflict’ (2013) 341(6151) Science 1235367.
  • European Parliament resolution of 20 May 2021 on the liability of companies for environmental damage (2020/2027(INI)).
  • Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of the Environment through Criminal Law (opened for signature 5 October 2023, Riga).
  • López Ostra v Spain App no 16798/90 (ECtHR, 9 December 1994) Series A no 303-
  • Frédéric Sudre, ‘La jurisprudence “environnementale” de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme au prisme de la “vie privée”’ (2025) 30 Revue Justice Actualités (April).
  • Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v Switzerland App no 53600/20 (ECtHR, 9 April 2024).
  • Öneryıldız v Turkey App no 48939/99 (ECtHR, 30 November 2004) 41 EHRR
  • Tătar v Romania App no 67021/01 (ECtHR, 27 January 2009).
  • Síofra O’Leary, ‘The contribution of the European Court of Human Rights to the protection of the environment and future generations’ (2023) 4 Quarterly Review of Human Rights
  • Sonya Djemni-Wagner, ‘Militantisme écologiste et désobéissance civile’ (2021) 5 Études 55
  • Cour de cassation, Criminal Chamber, No 21-251.
  • Éon v France App no 26118/10 (ECtHR, 14 March 2013).
  • Ludes and Others v France Apps nos 40899/22, 41621/22 and 42956/22 (ECtHR, 3 July 2025).
  • Molins, François (dir.), Rapport du groupe de travail sur le droit pénal de l’environnement, 69. URL: <https://www.courdecassation.fr/files/files/Parquet%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral/ Rapport_PG_envir.pdf>.
  • Ministry of Justice Statistical Service, Le traitement du contentieux de l’environnement par la justice pénale entre 2015 et 2019, Infostat Justice no 182 (April 2021).
  • Sm.: https://www.stopecocide.earth/legal-definition.
  • Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC, Statement on Environmental Crimes in Conflict Contexts (2024). URL: <https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/2024-12/2024-12-18-OTP-Policy- Environmental-Crime.pdf.>.
  • Mar Himeno Bulnes. The European Public Prosecutor’s Office and Environmental Crime Further Competence in the Near Future? URL: <https://eucrim.eu/articles/the-european- public-prosecutors-office-and-environmental-crime/?utm_source=chatgpt.com>.
  • Eurojust, Anual Report 2023, section “Resolving conflicts of jurisdiction”. URL: <https://www. europa.eu/annual-report-2023>.