CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HYGIENIC QUALITY OF MARE’S MILK

4th International Symposium On Biotechnology (2026),  [pp. 353-363]
 
AUTHOR(S) / АУТОР(И): Naida Hubanić, Tarik Dizdarević , Muhamed Brka , Miroljub Barać , Nevena Barać , Zlatan Sarić  
 
Download Full Pdf   

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46793/SBT26.353H

ABSTRACT / САЖЕТАК:

Mare’s milk is attracting increasing attention from consumers and experts due to its favorable nutritional and quality properties for direct consumption and processing into food and pharmaceutical products. The milk of mares from Bosnia and Herzegovina has not been researched so far. The paper analyzed the chemical composition, physical properties and hygienic quality of Arabian and Lipizzaner mares during the first three months of lactation. It was found that the period of lactation and breed had no significant influence on the properties of mare’s milk. The average chemical composition of Arabian and Lipizzaner mare milk was as follows (%): total solids 9.80 and 10.08; fat 1.14 and 1.24; lactose 6.40 and 6.40; ash 0.60 and 0.47 resp. The average titration acidity, pH, density and freezing point were 3.75 and 3.82oSH, 6.98 and 7.01, 1.0371 and 1.0374 g/cm3 and -0.533 and -0.523oC resp. Mare’s milk of both breeds was classified in class I in terms of hygienic quality.

KEYWORDS / КЉУЧНЕ РЕЧИ:

mare’s milk, physical, chemical, sensory, hygienic

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / ПРОЈЕКАТ:

REFERENCES / ЛИТЕРАТУРA:

  • Avrelio D., Baban M., Mijić P., Antunović Z., Ernoić M., Antunović B. (2009). Mogućnosti proizvodnje i korištenja kobiljeg mlijeka. Krmiva, 51 (6), 343-350.
  • Božanić R., Lisak Jakopović K., Barukčić I. (2018). Vrste mlijeka. HMU, Zagreb, Hrvatska.
  • Brezovečki A., Čagalj M., Antunac N., Mikulec N., Bendelja Ljoljić D. (2014). Proizvodnja, sastav i svojstva kobiljeg mlijeka. Mljekarstvo, 64 (4), 217-227. doi: 10.15567/mljekarstvo.2014.0401
  • Claeys W.L., Verraes C., Cardoen S., De Black J., Huyghebaert A., Raes K., Dewetinck K.K., Herman L. (2014). Consumption of raw or heated milk from different species. An evaluation of the nutritional and potential health benefits. Food Control, 42, 188-201.
  • Čagalj M., Brezovečki A. (2013). Kemijski sastav, fizikalna svojstva i higijenska kvaliteta kobiljeg mlijeka Hrvatskog hladnokrvnjaka. Rad za Rektorovu nagradu. Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet. Zagreb.
  • Čagalj M., Brezovački A., Mikulec N., Antunac N. (2014). Composition and properties of mare’s milk of Croatian Coldblood horse breed. Mljekarstvo, 64 (1), 3-11.
  • Doreau M., Martin-Rosset W. (2011). Horse. In: Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences. Vol 1. Eds. Roginski, H. Fuquay J.W. & Fox, P.F. Elsevier Science Ltd.  London, UK, 358-364.
  • Dozet N., Stanišić M., Bijeljac S. (1985): Praktikum iz mljekarstva (skripta). III dopunjeno izdanje, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Sarajevo.
  • Gartner V., Mijić P., Baban M., Škrtić Z., Turalija A. (2015). The overall and fat composition of milk of various species. Mljekarstvo, 65 (4), 223-231. doi: 10.15567/mljekarstvo.2015.0401
  • Gregić M., Janković K., Baban M., Mijić P., Gartner V., Bobić T. (2021). Karakteristike kobiljeg mlijeka za ljudsku prehranu. 56. hrvatski i 16. međunarodni simpozij agronoma, Vodice, Hrvatska.
  • ISO 19662:2018(E)|IDF 238:2018(E). Milk-Determination of fat content – acidobytirometric (Gerber method).
  • ISO 6731:2010 (E)|IDF 21:2010 (E). Milk, dried milk products and cream – Determination of total solids content (reference method) – Gravimetric method.
  • ISO/PRF 9877:2026|IDF 258:2026. Milk and milk products – Determination of ash.
  • ISO 5764:2009 | IDF 108:2009. Milk – Determination of freezing point – Thermistor cryoscope method (reference method).
  • Ivanković A. (2004). Konjogojstvo. Sveučilišni udžbenik. Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet. Hrvatsko agronomsko društvo, Zagreb.
  • Ivanković A., Potočnik K., Ramljak J., Baban M., Antunac N. (2016). Mlijeko kobila i magarica. Sveučilište u Zagrebu Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb.
  • Končurat A., Kozačinski L., Bilandžić N., Cvrtila Ž., Sukalić T., Sedak M., Benić M. (2019). Microbiological quality of mare’s milk and trends in chemical composition by comparison of different analytical methods. Mljekarstvo, 69, (2), 138-146.
  • Kücükcetin A., Yaygin H., Hinrichs J., Ku lozik U. (2003). Adaptation of bovine milk to wards mares’ milk composition by means of membrane technology for koumiss manufac ture. International Dairy Journal, 13, 945-951. doi: dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(03)00143-2
  • Malacarne M., Martuzzi F., Summer A., Mariani P. (2002). Protein and fat composition of mare’s milk: some nutritional remarks with reference to human and cow’s milk. International Dairy Journal, 12, 86-87. doi: 10.1016/S0958-6946(02)00120-6
  • Mariani P., Summer A., Martuzzi F., Formaggioni P., Sabbioni A., Catalano A.L. (2001). Physicochemical properties, gross composition, energy value and nitrogen fractions of Haflinger nursing mare milk throught 6 lactation months. Animal Research, 50, 415- 425. doi: 10.1051/animres: 2001140
  • Martuzzi F., Mariani P., Zanzucchi G., Catalano A.L. (1995). Composizione azotata e minerale e valore energetico del latte di cavalla nel corso dei primi 4 mesi di lattazione. Rivista Societa Italiana di Ippologia, 1, 15-25.
  • Martuzzi F., Summer A., Formaggioni P., Mariani P. (2004). Milk of Italian Saddle and Haflinger nursing mares: physicochemical characteristics, nitrogen composition and mineral elements at the end of lactation. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 3, 293- 299. doi: 10.4081/ijas.2004.293
  • Navrátilová P., Pospišil J., Borkovcova I., Kaniova L., Dluhošova S., Horakova S. (2018). Content of nutritionally important components in mare milk fat. Mljekarstvo, 68 (4), 282-294. doi: 10.15567/mljekarstvo.2018.0404
  • Pagliarini E., Solaroli G., Peri C. (1993). Chemical and physical characteristics of mare’s milk. Italian Journal of Food Science, 4, 323-332.
  • Pieszka M., Luszczyński J., Zamachowska M., Augustyn R., Dkugosz B., Hędrzak M. (2006). Is mare milk an appropriate food for people? – a review. Annals of Animal Science, 16 (1), 33-51.
  • Potočnik K., Gartner V., Kuterovac K., Cividini A. (2011). Mare’s milk: composition and protein fraction in comparison with different milk species. Mljekarstvo, 61 (2), 107-113.
  • Pravilnik o metodama uzimanja uzoraka i metodama hemijskih i fizičkih analiza mlijeka i proizvoda od mlijeka (1983). Službeni list SFRJ, 32/83.
  • Sabadoš D. (1996). Kontrola i ocjenjivanje kakvoće mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda. Hrvatsko mljekarsko društvo, Zagreb.
  • Salimei E., Fantuz F., Coppola R., Chiofalo B., Polidori P., Varisco C. (2004). Composition and characteristics of ass’s milk. Animal Research, 53, 67-78.
  • Salimei E., Fantuz F. (2012). Equid milk for human consumption. International Dairy Journal, 24, 130-142.
  • Samaržija D. (2016). Korištenje mlijeka kobile i magarice u proizvodnji fermentiranih mlijeka. Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet.
  • Sarić Z., Brenjo D. (2022). Kvalitet i kategorije mlijeka. U: Prehrambeni i ekonomski značaj stočarstva. Ed. Pržulj, N., Janjić, V., Izd. Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Republike Srpske, Banja Luka, 230-335.
  • Uniacke-Lowe T., Fox P.F. (2011). Equid Milk. In: Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences. Vol 3. Eds. Roginski, H. Fuquay J.W. & Fox, P.F. Elsevier Science Ltd.  London, UK, 518-529.