EVALUATING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from motor vehicles in Europe, tracking their evolution, drivers and policy implications for road transport. The main objective is to identify recent trends in CO₂ emissions from the automotive sector and to assess the contribution of technological (engine eficiency, fleet electrification), economic (fleet structure, average mileage) and regulatory (emission standards, incentives for electric vehicles) factors to emissions reductions. The methodology combines quantitative analysis of oficial emissions and registration databases, statistical-econometric analysis to identify causal relationships and simulation scenarios to project medium-term developments. The results show that the technological transition of the fleet and strict regulatory policies are the main drivers of the reduction in vehicle emission intensity, while the growth of the fleet and continued mobility can partially offset these gains.

KEYWORDS / КЉУЧНЕ РЕЧИ: 

Carbon dioxide emissions, automobiles, Europe, environmental policies, road transport

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / ПРОЈЕКАТ:

REFERENCES / ЛИТЕРАТУРA:

• Acheampong A. O, Dzator J., Dzator M., Salim R., (2022). Unveiling the effect of transport infrastructure and technological innovation on economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Technol Forecast Soc Change, 182:121843.
• Agrawal R, Wankhede VA, Kumar A, Luthra S., (2020). Analysing the roadblocks of circular economy adoption in the automobile sector: reducing waste and environmental perspectives. Bus. Strategy Environ., 30(2), 1051–
• Ahmad M, Satrovic E. (2023). How do transportation-based environmental taxation and globalization contribute to ecological sustainability? Ecol Info, 74:102009.
• Axt M, Baldassarre B, Kirchherr J, Vestergaard (2023). Circular economy in critical value chains: the case of hydrogen electrolysers and fuel cells. Aalto University Publication Series, pp. 77–83.
• Cainelli G, D’Amato A, Mazzanti M. (2020). Resource efficient eco-innovations for a circular economy: evidence from EU Res Policy, 49(1), 103827.
• de Jesus A, Mendonça S. (2018). Lost in Transition? Drivers and Barriers in the Ecoinnovation Road to the Circular Economy. Ecol Econ, 145, 75-89.
• Erdogan S, Sarkodie SA, Adedoyin FF, Bekun FV, Owusu PA. (2024). Analyzing transport demand and environmental degradation: the case of G-7 Environ Dev Sustain, 26(1), 711–734.
• Eweade B, Güngör H, Karlilar S. (2023). The determinants of ecological footprint in the UK: the role of transportation activities, renewable energy, trade openness, and globalization. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 30(58), 122153–122164.
• Georgatzi V, Stamboulis , Vetsikas A., (2020). Examining the determinants of CO2 emissions caused by the transport sector: empirical evidence from 12 European countries. Econ Anal Policy, 65, 11–20.
• Kirchherr J., Yang N., Schulze-Spüntrup F., Heerink M., Hartley K. (2023). Conceptualizing the circular economy (revisited): an analysis of 221 Resour Conserv Recycl, 194(April), 107001.
• Konya L., (2006). Exports and growth: Granger causality analysis on OECD countries with a panel data approach. Econ Modell, 23(6), 978–992.
• Rybak A, Joostberens J, Manowska A, Pielot J. (2022). The impact of environmental taxes on the level of greenhouse gas emissions in Poland and Energies, 15(12), 4465.